Mugulü

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Mugulü
木骨閭
Tribal chief
Map representing Rourans well to the north, located at the epicenter[citation needed] of the eastern steppe, in comparison to other states in its vicinity, with its area of influence extremely west and east, bordering the northern Wei state (北魏), appearing under the bluish color.
Tribal chief of the Rouran tribe
Reign330–? or 308–316
Coronation330 or 308, Hetulin
PredecessorChiefdom established
SuccessorYujiulü Cheluhui
Born3rd century, before 277
Died4th century, 316 or after 330
Issue
Names
Mùgǔlǘ
Hanyu Pinyin
Yùjiǔlǘ Mùgǔlǘ

Mugulü (

chieftain in the Mongolian Plateau during the period when it was under the rule of tribes and peoples originating from the fragmentation of the failed and crumbling Xianbei confederation. The term "Mongol" is a likely derivation from his name.[1]

Biography

Mugulü was likely born before AD 277, at the end of Tuoba Liwei's reign.[2][3]

Little is known about his childhood.[citation needed] His date and place of birth, and the names of his parents or those of his consorts, are not disclosed in Book of Wei.[4]

He served in the Xianbei army under the leadership of the Tuoba tribal chief, Tuoba Yilu (295–316) of Dai. Possibly a legendary figure, he was a fugitive slave according to Chinese sources, however one researcher thinks that this is questionable and assumes that Chinese authors frequently ascribed lowly origins to the Northern nomads, as a way of emphasizing their barbarity.[5] According to Barbara West, Mugulü believe to have been a slave of the Xianbei.[6]

Youth

According to Chinese chronicles, Mugulü was a slave of unknown origin who was captured and enslaved by a Tuoba raider cavalryman

Proto-Mongolic origin.[12] The anecdote of his enslaved status has been rejected by modern scholars as "a typical insertion by the Chinese historians intended to show the low birth and barbarian nature of the northern nomads."[5]

Mugulü's career and his escape through the Gobi

According to the

Gobi desert,[16][17] but then gathered a hundred or more other escapees.[18] They sought refuge under a neighboring tribe of Tiele people[16][17] called Hetulin (紇突隣).[19][20][21][22]

It is not known when Mugulü died; sources say 316 AD.[23]

Family and succession

When Mugulü died, his son

Rouran.[24][25] Cheluhui's government was marked by [nomadism and peace,[26] but they remained subjects to the Xianbei Tuobas.[27][24]

His descendants and successors were:[28]

  1. Yujiulü Cheluhui, son
  2. Yujiulü Tunugui, grandson
  3. Yujiulü Bati, great-grandson
  4. Yujiulü Disuyuan, great-great-grandson

Personal name

According to the Chinese chronicles, the Xianbei (Sianbi) master called the captive Mugulü, a Xianbei word glossed as "bald-headed" (首禿)

Proto-Mongolic *muqu 'to be cut off, break off, fall off', which in turn would produce the semantic variation 'blunt ~ hornless ~ hairless ~ bald').[35]

Clan name

See also: Yujiulü clan § Origin, and Yujiulü

According to the Book of Wei, the dynasty founded by Mugulü's descendants was called Yujiulü, which sounds superficially like Mugulü, and thus the

Middle Mongolian uğuli "owl" (> Khalkha ууль uul'), as personal names based on bird names are common in Mongolic.[40]

See also

Succession

Mugulü
Rouran tribe
Born: 3rd century, before 277 Died: 4th century
, 316 or after 330
Regnal titles
Preceded by
None, title created
 Tribal chief of Rourans
330–? 		Succeeded by

References

Notes

Citations

  1. Rouran
    ) state]. Монголын эртний түүх судлал, III боть [Historiography of Ancient Mongolia, Volume III] (in Mongolian). Vol. 3. pp. 330–550.
  2. ^ a b c Weishu vol. 103 始神元之末，掠騎有得一奴 tr. "In the beginning of the end of the Shenyuan, a [Tuoba] raider cavalryman acquired a slave"
  3. ^ Golden, Peter B. "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 54-56.
  4. ^ Weishu vol. 103 section "Ruru"
  5. ^
    JSTOR 23658732
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7
    . Yujiulu Mugulu, the grandfather of Yujiulu Shelun, who was the first to unite the various Rouran clans, is believed to have been a slave of the Xianbei...
  7. ^ Golden, Peter B. "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 55.
  8. ^ Wei Shou. Book of Wei. Vol. 1
  9. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9
    .
  10. ^ Holcombe, Charles (2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. - A.D. 907. p. 131.
  11. ^ Tseng, Chin Yin (2012). The Making of the Tuoba Northern Wei: Constructing Material Cultural Expressions in the Northern Wei Pingcheng Period (398-494 CE) (PhD). University of Oxford. p. 1.
  12. ^ *Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (2000). "Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity", Early China. p. 20
  13. Liji "Quli I
    txt: "三十曰壯" tr: "When he is thirty, we say, 'He is at his maturity;'" by James Legge
  14. ^ Weishu vol. 103 "免奴為騎卒。穆帝時" tr. "[he was] release[d] from slavery and made a cavalry soldier, during the time of Emperor Mu (of Dai)"
  15. ^ Weishu vol. 103 "坐後期當斬"
  16. ^ a b 依紇突隣部　諸本及北史卷九八蠕蠕傳「紇」作「純」。按本卷高車傳末即附有紇突隣部，卷二太祖紀登國五年五月及十二月、皇始二年二月見此部，都作「紇突隣」，「純」乃形近而訛，今改正。
  17. ^ a b Weishu 554, Vol. 103.
  18. ^ Weishu vol. 103 "亡匿廣漠谿谷間, 逋逃得百餘人
  19. ^ Weishu vol. 103, Ruru "依紇突隣部" tr. "[They] relied on the Hetulin tribe"
  20. ^ The corresponding passage in Beishi vol. 98 Ruru reads "依純突鄰部" tr. "[They] relied on the Chuntulin tribe" or "[They] relied on the pure Tulin tribe"
  21. ^ Both Weishu, Vol. 103, Gaoche and Beishi Vol. 98, Gaoche have "又有紇突隣" tr. "[There] were also the Hetulin tribe"
  22. ^ Bozan 1962, p. 225.
  23. ^ Lee 2015, pp. 51–52.
  24. ^ a b Pohl 2018, p. 33.
  25. ^ Weishu Vol. 103 "木骨閭死，子車鹿會雄健，始有部眾，自號柔然" "Mugulü died; [his] son Cheluhui, virile and robust, began to gather the tribal multitude, [his/their] self-appellation Rouran"
  26. ^ Weishu, vol. 103 "車鹿會既為部帥，歲貢馬畜、貂豽皮，冬則徙度漠南，夏則還居漠北。
  27. ^ Weishu Vol. 103 "而役屬於國。" tr. "yet [Cheluhui/Rouran] [was/were] vassal(s) of (our) state.
  28. ^ Grousset (1970), pp. 61, 585, n. 91.
  29. ^ Weishu vol. 103 "其主字之曰木骨閭。「木骨閭」者，首禿也。"
  30. ^ Weishu, "Vol. 103" "髮始齊眉 [...] 首禿也"
  31. ^ Weishu Vol. 103 "髮始齊眉"
  32. ^ vol. 103 "忘本姓名"
  33. ^ 白鳥庫吉 1910; 内田吟風 1971: 218.
  34. ^ Ginfu 1971, p. 218, note 4.
  35. ^ Vovin, Alexander. 2007. "Once again on the Tabγač language", Mongolian Studies, XXIX: 200-202
  36. ISBN 9781316146040. Retrieved 2019-11-09. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help
    )
  37. ^ Weishu Vol. 103 txt. "木骨閭與郁久閭聲相近，故後子孫因以為氏。" tr. "Mugulü and Yujiulü sound similar; hence [Mugulü's] descendants later used as surname"
  38. ISBN 9789004306493
    .
  39. OCLC 654357432
    .
  40. ^ Golden, Peter B. "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 55.

Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: