Mustang Caves

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Upper Mustang
Guru Rimpoche eviscerated a demoness, the Balmo
Upper Mustang is located in Nepal
Upper Mustang
Upper Mustang
Upper Mustang, Nepal where the Sky Caves are located
Coordinates: 28°55′48″N 83°54′36″E / 28.93000°N 83.91000°E / 28.93000; 83.91000

Mustang Caves or Sky Caves of Nepal are a collection of some 10,000 man-made caves dug into the sides of valleys in the

Kali Gandaki River in Upper Mustang. Research groups have continued to investigate these caves, but no one has yet understood who built the caves and why they were built. The site has been listed as a UNESCO tentative site since 1996.[5]

History

Mustang was formerly the Kingdom of Lo in northern

Lo Manthang. At the end of the 18th century, the kingdom was annexed by Nepal. Upper Mustang was a restricted demilitarized area until 1992, which makes it one of the most preserved regions in the world due to its relative isolation from the outside world, with a majority of the population still speaking traditional Tibetic languages.[6] The monarchy in Mustang ceased to exist on October 7, 2008, by order of the Government of Nepal, after Nepal became a federal democratic republic.[7]

Sky caves
Lo Manthang
Caves in Tetang

Mustang human remains

In the mid-1990s, archaeologists from Nepal and the University of Cologne began exploring the stacked caves and found several dozen partially mummified human bodies, all at least 2,000 years old.[2]

In 2010, a team of mountaineers and archaeologists uncovered 27 human remains in two biggest caves near Samdzong. The relatively intact skeletons – dating from the 3rd to the 8th centuries, before

Buddhist practice of sky burial.[8] To this day, when a citizen of Mustang dies, the body is sliced into small pieces, bones included, to be swiftly snatched up by vultures. The Mustang Eco Museum, about a 15-minute walk from Mustang's Jomsom airport, displays a collection of beads, bones and pendants found at the caves.[9]

Religious artifacts

In 2007, explorers from the

Lo Manthang, dating back to the 13th century.[3] A second expedition in 2008 discovered several 600-year-old human skeletons and recovered reams of precious manuscripts, some with small paintings known as illuminations, which contain a mix of writings from Buddhism and Bon.[10]

Usage

Scientists divide cave use in Upper Mustang into three periods. As early as 1,000 BC, the caves were used as burial chambers. During the 10th century, the region is thought to have been frequently battled over, and consequently, placing safety over convenience, families moved into the caves, turning them into living quarters. By the 1400s, the caves functioned as meditation chambers.[11]

References

  1. ^ Finkel, Michael. "Sky Caves of Nepal". National Geographic. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  2. ^ a b BBC. "The ancient mysteries of Mustang's caves". BBC. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b Sharma, Gopal. "Explorers find ancient caves and paintings in Nepal". Reuters. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  4. ^ Rahman, Maseeh. "Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  5. ^ "Cave architecture of Muktinath Valley of Mustang". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  6. ^ Kaushik. "The mysterious caves of Mustang, Nepal". Amusing Planet. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  7. ^ Xinhua News Agency. "Nepali deputy PM asks district "king" to step down". China View News. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  8. ^ Rongmei, Precious. "Sky caves of Nepal's Mustang have secrets you need to know about". The Times of India. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
  9. ^ "ABC Travel Guide: Museums of Nepal".
  10. ^ Owen, James. ""Shangri-La" caves yield treasures, skeletons". National Geographic. Archived from the original on November 19, 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  11. ^ Milligan, Mark (2020-09-05). "The Mysterious Sky Caves of Nepal". HeritageDaily - Archaeology News. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

External links

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