Mustapha Bouchelaghem
Mustapha Bouchelaghem Mezzo Morto | |
---|---|
Preceded by | Shaaban Bey |
Succeeded by | Youcef Bey of Mascara |
Personal details | |
Born | Mustapha ben Youcef el-Mesrati 17th century Near Mascara, Algeria |
Died | 1734/1737 Mostaganem |
Resting place | Bouchelaghem mausoleum, near Mostaganem |
Citizenship | Regency of Algiers |
Military service | |
Years of service | 1686–1732 |
Battles/wars |
|
Mustapha Bouchelaghem, also known as Bey Bouchelaghem was the Bey of the Western Beylik from 1686 to 1734/37.
Origins and early life
Mustapha, born as Mustapha ben Youcef was the son of an Algerian Arabic man called Youcef el-Mesrati,[1] a noble from the Kalaa of Beni Rached,[2] and an Algerian woman. His father served as Khalifa (lieutenant-governor)[3] to the Bey of Constantine. He moved back to Mostaganem where he had eight children, the first-born being Mustapha. Several of his siblings would also later become Beys of Oran.[4]
His full name was Mustapha ben Youcef Ben Mohamed ben Ishaq el-Mesrati.[4] The name Bouchelaghem, and its Spanish version "El Bigotillos," was an epithet referring to his Moustache.[5][6]
Bey
He was elected as Bey in 1686, after the previous bey Chaban-ez-Zenagui was killed in front of Oran.[7]
In 1701 he moved his capital to Mascara, and built a garrison there. The reason for this was its more central location. He worked hard to accumulate a large army mainly composed of thousands of Arab-Berber tribal levy.
Early wars (1680s–1708)
Conflicts with Morocco
In 1699 the
In 1707 he got into another conflict with the Moroccans as
Conflicts with Spain
In 1703
He moved his capital to Oran,[4] which he made a base for Barbary pirates, and constructed a small fleet to protect the town.
Peaceful period (1708–1732)
In 1710 a revolution led by Baba Ali Chaouch happened in Algiers. The new king achieved de facto independence from the Ottoman Empire,[13] and he started purging unloyal elements. In the Beylik of Constantine alone 3 Beys were replaced in the same year.[14] Bey Bouchelaghem was not replaced, mainly thanks to his popularity and neutrality. During this period, he built the defences up, and invested in regional wealth.
Spanish siege of Oran
In 1732, Spain invaded Oran and Mers el Kébir. After defeating the Algerian fleets protecting the city, they set foot on the shores of the city, and after a brutal siege, they captured Oran.[15]
Death
Bey Bouchelaghem retreated to Mostaganem, and became depressed after the losing the city. He died in 1734 or 1737 (sources conflict). He was succeeded by his brother.[4] He was Bey of Oran for 51 years, the longest reigning Bey. He is buried in his own mausoleum.
References
- ^ Revue africaine: bulletin de travaux de la Société historique algérienne (in French). Kraus Reprint. 1971.
- ^ "طلوع سعد السّعود | الباي مصطفى بوشلاغم المسراتي". books.rafed.net. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ISBN 978-1-85065-027-0.
- ^ a b c d e f "Le sépulcre du Bey Bouchelaghem (16?? - 1734) : PATRIMOINE EN PÉRIL". Algerie network Blog (in French). 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ISBN 978-9961-54-219-4.
- ISBN 978-2-213-63255-1.
- ^ texte, Société historique algérienne Auteur du (1924). "Revue africaine : journal des travaux de la Société historique algérienne". Gallica. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ Histoire générale de l'Algérie. P.554. Henri Garrot Impr. P. Crescenzo,
- ISBN 978-2-35676-097-5.
- ^ Julien, Charles André (1966). Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord: Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc (in French). Payot.
- ISBN 978-1-78159-031-7.
- ^ ISSN 1111-2050.
- ^ Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne (in French). 1834.
- ^ Niel, Odilon (1878). Géographie de l'Algérie (in French). L. Legendre.
- OCLC 31374685.