National Front (French Resistance)
National Front Front national | |
---|---|
Communist Party of France | |
President | Frédéric Joliot-Curie |
Secretary General | Pierre Villon |
Dates of operation | May 1942 – 1949 |
Part of | National Council of the Resistance |
Opponents | German Occupying Forces Vichy France |
The National Front for an Independent France, better known simply as National Front (
Founded in 1941 in Paris by French Communist Party (PCF) members Jacques Duclos, André Pican, Pierre Villon, and their wives, they felt that all of the Resistance movements had to band together no matter their party or religion (Jewish or Catholic) to be a vital force against the Nazis, the collaborationists, and the informers. Its name was inspired by the Popular Front, a left-wing coalition that governed France from 1936 to 1938. This helped them coordinate attacks all across France; to move weapons, food, false identity papers, information and food; protect and move people who were to be arrested or executed; and supply multiple safe houses for the Resistance and for Jews. In 1942, they formed fighting units to assassinate German leaders and soldiers among the occupation forces; perform acts of sabotage on railroads and other transportation infrastructure being used to transport people and goods being taken from France to Germany; and to help organize sabotage in factories forced to produce armaments and goods for the German military.
Political front of the FTP
The National Front (FN) was destined to be the "political representative" of the armed force called the
Led by
At the time of the
Legal ownership of the name, "Front National"
A juridical battle between the far-right
Publications
The National Front published numerous national and local clandestine newspapers and flyers.[4] From the spring of 1943 to the Liberation, 79 publications were published.[5] In 1944–1945 they published, according to an internal French Communist Party (PCF) source, "Seventeen dailies, one million sales. three weeklies: La Marseillaise (Île-de-France), France d'abord, Action. Five literary weeklies, 35 periodicals (weeklies) in the provinces.".[6]
Among them, were:
- Review of French writers assembled in the Comité national des écrivains [fr]. Founded in October 1941 by Jacques Decour and Jean Paulhan, 25 issues were published. Les Lettres Françaises appeared after Liberation, until 1972.
- L’École laïque (1941) ;
- La Terre (newspaper) [fr], rural life. Created in 1937, it went underground during the occupation.
- Le Médecin français (March 1941) headed by Doctor Raymond Leibovici ;
- Musiciens d’Aujourd’hui (1942), a clandestine paper printed in 2500 copies, for which André Fougeron created the model, which became Le Musicien d’Aujourd’hui when it merged with the Lettres françaises;
- L’Université libre [fr] (104 issues, from November 1940 o October 1944), headed by Georges Politzer, Jacques Solomon (son-in-law of Paul Langevin) and Jacques Decour ;
- L'Écran français [fr] (1943);
- Le Palais libre (1943), of the Front national des juristes [fr];
- L’Étudiant patriote (1941);
- Le Lycéen patriote, organ of the National Front of lycée, college, and technical school students. (1944);
- Les Allobroges (1942), région Isère-Hautes Alpes; became a daly at Liberation;
- Front National, Parisian newspaper, a daily starting in August 1944, directed by Jacques Debû-Bridel [fr];
- La Marseillaise (newspaper), in Marseille; a daily at Liberation;
- La Marseillaise de Seine-et-Oise [fr];
- Le Patriote d'Ajaccio, organ of the National Front in Corsica;[7]
- Le Patriote, National Front newspaper in Lyon;
- Le Patriote de Saint-Étienne, organ of the National Front of the Loire;[8]
- Le Patriote du Sud-Ouest, organ of the National Front in Toulouse; a daily at Liberation,[9] its director was then André Wurmser [fr] and was among its young coworkers Pierre Gamarra;[10]
- Le Patriote niçois [fr]; a daily at Liberation;
- L'Écho du Centre [fr], in Limoges; a daily at Liberation.
They also published books and brochures, such as a book about the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre.[11]
See also
References
- ^ Front National de la Résistance Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, memory site (in French)
- ^ Possible récupération d'une appellation usurpée par l'extrême droite, L'Humanité, January 8, 1999 (in French)
- ^ La nouvelle bataille des Résistants du vrai "Front national", L'Humanité, January 16, 1999 (in French)
- ^ Claude Bellanger, Presse clandestine 1940-1944, col. « kiosque », Armand Colin, 1961, p. 214-215
- ^ Philippe Buton, article " Front national ", pp. 651-653, in François Broche, Georges Caïtucoli and Jean-François Muracciole, Dictionnaire de la France libre, Robert Laffont, 2010.
- ^ Marcel Cachin, Carnets, p. 830, volume 4 (1935-1947), published under the direction of Denis Peschanski, CNRS éditions, Paris, 1997
- ^ Maurice Choury, La résistance en Corse, éditions sociales, 1958, preface by Arthur Giovoni, p. 54-58
- ^ Forez histoire, les journaux locaux en 1944-1945
- ^ Henri Lerner, « La presse toulousaine de la Libération au 1er départ du général de Gaulle, août 1944-janvier 1946 », Annales du Midi.
- ^ Notice « Pierre Gamarra », par Bernard Épin, Le Maitron en ligne
- OCLC 461446712.