National Progressive Front (Syria)
National Progressive Front الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية | |
---|---|
Factions:
| |
Political position | Factions: Left-wing to far-left |
People's Assembly | 183 / 250 |
Council of Ministers | 20 / 35 |
Website | |
pnf | |
The National Progressive Front (
NPF model has been instrumentalized by the Ba'athist system to enforce a highly centralized
History
The Front was established in 1972 by Syrian president
From 1972 to 2011, only parties participating in the NPF had been legally permitted to operate in Syria. The Legislative Decree on Parties law of 2011,[12] Legislative Decree on General Elections Law of 2011[13] and the new Syrian constitution of 2012[14] introduced multi-party system in Syria.
After previously being a part of NPF, Syrian Social Nationalist Party joined the opposition, Popular Front for Change and Liberation, for the May 2012 election to the parliament. However, the SSNP supported the re-election of Bashar al-Assad in the June 2014 presidential election and subsequently rejoined the front.[15]
Constituent parties
The NPF is currently composed of the following political parties:
Electoral history
Syrian People's Assembly elections
Election | Seats | +/– | Position |
---|---|---|---|
1973 | 186 / 186
|
186 | 1st |
1977 | 195 / 195
|
9 | 1st |
1981 | 195 / 195
|
1st | |
1986 | 195 / 195
|
1st | |
1990 | 250 / 250
|
55 | 1st |
1994 | 250 / 250
|
1st | |
1998 | 250 / 250
|
1st | |
2003 | 250 / 250
|
1st | |
2007 | 250 / 250
|
1st | |
2012 | 168 / 250
|
82 | 1st |
2016 | 200 / 250
|
32 | 1st |
2020 | 183 / 250
|
17 | 1st |
See also
References
- ^ "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy. Mohannad Orfali-.
- ^ "Is Syria socialist? 2022 Guide". Young Pioneer Tours. 2022. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
- ^ Al Hajj-Saleh, Yassîn (1 October 2018). "L'opposition syrienne". Archived from the original on 28 April 2023.
- ISBN 0-520-06667-7.
- ^ Taha, Zakaria (2012). The Kurdish opposition and the Baath regime in Syria: between identity dynamics and cooptation strategies. HAL SHS. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023.
- ISBN 0-691-00254-1.
- ISBN 978-0-8157-5204-2.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link - ISBN 0-691-00254-1.
- ISBN 0-520-06667-7.
- ^ Elizabeth O'Bagy (7 June 2012). "Syria's Political Struggle: Spring 2012" (Backgrounder). ISW. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Seale, Patrick, Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East, University of California Press, 1989, p. 176
- ^ "Syrian Arab news agency - SANA - Syria : Syria news ::". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-15.
- ^ "Syrian Arab news agency - SANA - Syria : Syria news ::". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-15.
- ^ "SANA Syrian News Agency - Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8". Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.
- ^ "SSNP Supports Bashar al-Assad's Presidential Nomination". 7 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Orfali, Mohannad. "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy.
- ^ Orfali, Mohannad. "حزب الوحدويين الاشتراكيين". pnf.org.sy.
- ^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad. "Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi.
- ^ "الهيئة العامة للإذاعة والتلفزيون - سورية". Archived from the original on 2019-09-06. Retrieved 2019-08-30.