Ngāti Hauā
Ngāti Hauā | |
---|---|
Māoridom | |
Rohe (region) | Waikato/Bay of Plenty |
Waka (canoe) | Tainui |
Population | 4,800 (as registered in 2010) |
Website | http://www.ngatihauaiwitrust.co.nz/ |
Ngāti Hauā is a Māori iwi of the eastern Waikato of New Zealand. It is part of the Tainui confederation. Its traditional area includes Matamata, Cambridge, Maungakawa, the Horotiu district along the Waikato River and the Maungatautari district, and its eastern boundary is the Kaimai Range. Leaders of the tribe have included Te Waharoa (1820s and 1830s), his son Wiremu Tamihana (1840s to 1860s) and Tamihana's son Tupu Taingakawa. The tribe has played a prominent role in the Māori King Movement, with Tamihana and descendants being known as the "Kingmakers".
Rohe
The Ngāti Hauā Iwi Trust board established their rohe as the central Waikato region with the approximate boundaries running from
As of 2010 the number of registered Ngati Haua, based on the Waikato/Tainui actual registration system 2010 was about 4,800, although it was expected that registered numbers would likely rise to about 10,000 after the settlement with the government.[2]
The iwi contains five hapū: Ngāti Rangi Tawhaki, Ngāti Te Oro, Ngāti Te Rangitaupi, Ngāti Waenganui, and Ngāti Werewere. They make use of five marae, as follows:[1]
Marae | Wharenui | Hapū | Location |
---|---|---|---|
Raungaiti | Te Oro | Ngāti Rangi Tawhaki and Ngāti Te Oro | Waharoa |
Te Iti a Hauā (Tauwhare) | Hauā | Ngāti Te Oro, Ngāti Te Rangitaupi, Ngāti Waenganui, and Ngāti Werewere | Tauwhare |
Waimakariri | Waenganui | Ngāti Waenganui | Hamilton |
Kai a Te Mata | Wairere | Ngāti Werewere | Morrinsville |
Rukumoana (The Top Pā) | Werewere | Ngāti Werewere | Morrinsville |
History
Ngāti Hauā trace their lineage to Te Ihinga-a-rangi, an 11th generation descendant of the people who arrived on the Tainui waka and settled at the Kawhia Harbour. His father Rereahu led the Tainui expansion into the interior of the Waikato region, and Te Ihinga-a-rangi settled at Maungatautari.[3] Te Ihing-a-rangi's younger brother Maniapoto settled to the south, forming the Ngāti Maniapoto iwi.[3]
Musket Wars
Te Waharoa was the war leader of the small Ngati Haua iwi whose home territory was around Matamata. During the early stages of the brutal inter iwi and hapu Muskets Wars, Ngati Haua avoided direct attack from the musket armed northern tribes but in 1821 suffered the consequences of a savage attack on the main Ngati Maru Pā at Te Totara a short distance to the north. Ngati Maru survivors in large numbers fled into Ngati Haua rohe and eventually overwhelmed them and their resources, threatening the mana (meaning "power" or "authority") of the iwi. Te Waharoa, aware of the disparity in number, was embittered when Ngati Maru built Kaipaki Pa very close to his own. He devised a strategy to get Ngati Maru to lower their guard by pretending to leave for Omokoroa at Tauranga. At night he returned and launched a surprise attack on Ngati Maru forcing them out of the area. Conflict continued to rage throughout the area as Te Waharoa joined with relatives to fight in Rotorua and for regular seasonal invasions in Taranaki during which he took part in the massacre at Pukerangiora in 1831 when 1,000-1,500 people were killed and eaten. He also joined with relatives in Tauranga to help defend them against invading Ngāpuhi.
During the latter stages of the Musket Wars the CMS missionaries tried to establish a mission station in Ngati Haua territory to try to bring peace between the marauding tribes.[4] In 1833, William Thomas Fairburn, John Alexander Wilson, John Morgan and James Preece established a mission station at Puriri on the Waihou River.[5] In 1835, John Morgan had moved to the Mangapouri Mission, which was located near Te Awamutu on the northern bank of the Puniu River, close to where it joins the Waipā River.[6] In 1835, John Wilson and Rev. A. N. Brown established a mission station at Matamata, and in the same year Thomas Chapman established a mission station at Rotorua.[7][8]
Te Waharoa was keen to have the missionaries in his rohe, but he was not interested in their Christian message and never attended church services. The missionaries' efforts were thwarted by the outbreak of war between
New Zealand Land Wars
Ngati Haua played an active, though small part in the
Ngati Haua were one of the several iwi who took part in attacks on
Sale of Land and Subsequent Gift to Government
After the 1864 defeat of the Waikato Kingitanga forces, Tamihana detached himself from the Kingitanga Movement.
On 15 January 1870 Firth met Te Kooti at the monument to Tamihana on Ngati Haua land. The stated reason for the meeting was that Te Kooti wanted to be given land and left alone by the government. Te Kooti saw himself as the possible protector of the Eastern Waikato. Firth said he had come to listen - he had no power to negotiate. While in the area Te Kooti received two ammunition resupplies from supporters in the Coromandel Peninsula before moving on to attack Rotorua.[23]
In 1876 the 4,825 acre Motumaoho Block was sold by Hohaia Igahiwi of Ngati Haua to Auckland business man Thomas Morrin. The block is just to the East of the confiscation line and includes the site of Morrinsville, named after the Morrin brothers.[24] The Wairongomai gold field was discovered by Hone Werahiko in 1880. It was developed with the aid of a dual tramway to remove ore from a steep sided valley. The Te Aroha Hot Springs together with 8 hectares of land were given to the government by chief Te Mokena Hau (sometimes Hou) in 1882 on the condition that Māori could continue to use the hot water. The area, called the domain, was developed into a government run spa town with attractive gardens by 1883. The spa has been modernised and is open to the public.[25]
Settlement with Government
Between 2010 and 2012 there were two competing Ngāti Hauā organisations who wished to negotiate with the crown. In April 2012 they were both dissolved and a new united Ngāti Hauā organisation established. Five meetings were held at which 214 people attended, 158 being listed. The new Ngati Haua Iwi Trust was elected.[2]
Ngāti Hauā settled their historical claims over raupatu through the Waikato-Tainui Raupatu settlement in 1995, and other land loss (through the Native Land Court and the Public Works Act) with the Crown in July 2013. The Ngāti Haua Iwi Trust and Minister for Treaty Negotiations Christopher Finlayson signed a settlement in Morrinsville which included $13 million, administrative rights over 700 hectares of land, and established a Tumuaki (Kingmaker) Endowment fund in recognition of the historical role of Wiremu Tamihana, the kingmaker, in establishing the Kingitanga.[26]
See also
- List of Māori iwi
References
- ^ a b Te Puni Kōkiri. "Iwi: Ngāti Hauā". Te Kāhui Māngai (Directory of Iwi and Māori Organisations). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ a b c Ngati Haua Trust Board. Deed Of Mandate. November 2012.
- ^ ISBN 9780143019459.
- ^ The Musket Wars. p 170-180,242-245. R. Crosby.Reed.1999.
- ^ Watson, Norton. "By way of Puriri Mission". Ohinemuri Regional History Journal 14, October 1970. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
- ^ "The Church Missionary Gleaner, November 1850". Bible Class at Matamata. Adam Matthew Digital. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ a b c Rogers, Lawrence M. (1973). Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams. Pegasus Press. pp. 113, 115, 122, 129–130.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-86969-439-5.
- ^ NZETC.Hero Stories of Nz. The Missionaries of Matamata . P14-18. James Cowan. H. H. Tombs. 1935. Victoria University of Wellington.
- ISBN 0-14-301929-5.
- ^ a b John Alexander Wilson, edited by C.J. Wilson (1889). "Missionary Life and Work in New Zealand, 1833 to 1862: Being the Private Journal of the Late Rev. John Alexander Wilson". Early New Zealand Books (NZETC). Retrieved 3 February 2019.
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has generic name (help) - ^ Climates of War. E.Bohan. p75-76.Hazard Press.Christchurch .2005.
- ^ NZETC.The Engagement at Mahoetahi. Chapter 21. James Cowan.
- ^ NZ Wars. J. Belich. p139-140.
- ^ NZ Wars. J.Belich. p 144.Penguin 1988.
- ^ The NZ wars. J.Belich. Auckland University Press.
- ^ 1800. Maungatautari Marae.
- ^ a b "Firth, Josiah Clifton". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of NZ.
- ^ Morrinsville,Waikato ,NZ. Morrinsville information.
- ^ Tamahere Forum. Historic day for Ngati Haua. May19.2013.
- ^ "Maori wars - The Effect of the Wars on the Maori people". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of NZ.
- ^ Firth Tower and Stanley Landing. Matamata Museum, Matamata-Piako District Council.
- ^ Redemption Songs. J. Binney. p 201-202
- ^ "Waikato Places". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of NZ.
- ^ "Thermal Pools and Spas". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of NZ.
- ^ "Deed of Settlement signed with Ngāti Haua" (Press release). Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.