Niebla (lichen)
Niebla | |
---|---|
Niebla homalea | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Ascomycota |
Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
Order: | Lecanorales |
Family: | Ramalinaceae |
Genus: | Niebla Rundel & Bowler (1978) |
Type species | |
Niebla homalea (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler (1978)
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Niebla is a
Taxonomy
The genus name is a substitute name
The genus Niebla has also been interpreted broadly to include the genus
In view of the controversial classification of this Ramalina complex of genera, and that many of the species are common along the Pacific coast of North America, it may be helpful to conservationists to have molecular studies be conducted to correlate the different views of the species concepts with their DNA, which should include representative specimens from the entire geographic range of the species before drawing definitive conclusions about their synonymy.
Description
Niebla has 42 species distinguished by
The morphological characters employed to distinguish species of Niebla include the orientation of ridges in the
Niebla is related to Ramalina and Vermilacinia, distinguished from them by the presence of thread-like hyphae intertwined into gelatinized cords called chondroid strands. These strands run lengthwise within the central axis (medulla) of the Niebla thallus, and are visible to the naked eye when a branch of the thallus is sliced or torn. Chondroid strands also protrude into the cortical surface in various network arrangements in which species are recognized by their particular network structure.
Some Ramalina species in the
Vermilacinia differs from both Ramalina and Niebla by the absence of chrondroid strands, and by presence of other lichens substances, predominantly terpenes[2] that differ from those in Niebla. Of taxonomic significance is the diterpene (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane, a rare secondary metabolite in lichens. This diterpene is found only in Vermilacinia within the Ramalinaceae, and also in Roccella (Roccellaceae).[10]
Species
The following lists all the species in the genus Niebla that have been recognized. In bold are those generally accepted. Listed separately are those also treated in the genus Vermilacinia. Species rare or isolated in occurrence are also noted.[2]
- Niebla arenaria
- Niebla brachyura Rare
- Niebla caespitosa
- Niebla contorta
- Niebla cornea
- Niebla dactylifera Rare
- Niebla dilatata
- Niebla disrupta
- Niebla dissecta
- Niebla eburnea
- Niebla effusa
- Niebla fimbriata
- Niebla flabellata
- Niebla flagelliforma
- Niebla halei Rare
- Niebla homalea
- Niebla homaleoides Rare
- Niebla infundibula Rare
- Niebla isidiaescens
- Niebla isidiosa Rare
- Niebla josecuervoi
- Niebla juncosa var. juncosa
- Niebla juncosa var. spinulifera
- Niebla laminaria
- Niebla limicola
- Niebla lobulata
- Niebla marinii
- Niebla palmeri Rare
- Niebla podetiaforma
- Niebla pulchribarbara Rare
- Niebla ramosissima Rare
- Niebla rugosa
- Niebla siphonoloba
- Niebla sorediata Rare
- Niebla sorocarpia
- Niebla spatulata Rare
- Niebla suffnessii
- Niebla tesselata Rare
- Niebla testudinaria
- Niebla turgida
- Niebla undulata
- Niebla usneoides
- Niebla versiforma Rare
Species classified in Niebla also recognized in Vermilacinia
- Niebla cephalota
- Niebla ceruchis
- Niebla cedrosensis
- Niebla ceruchoides
- Niebla combeoides
- Niebla flaccescens
- Niebla granulans[11]
- Niebla laevigata
- Niebla polymorpha
- Niebla procera
- Niebla robusta
- Niebla tigrina
- Niebla tuberculata Rare
References
- ^ Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press: New Haven.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Spjut, R. W. 1996. Niebla and Vermilacinia (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Miscellany 14, pp. 1-208. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Inc., Fort Worth.
- ^ a b c Rundel, P.W. and P.A. Bowler, 1978. Niebla, a new generic name for Desmazieria (Ramalinaceae). Mycotaxon 6: 497–499
- ^ Montagne, D.M. 1852. Diagnoses phycologicae. Ann. Sci. Nat. Sr. 3, 18, 302–319.
- ^ Spjut, R. W. 1995. Vermilacinia (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales), a new genus of lichens. In: Flechten Follmann; Contr. Lichen in honor of Gerhard Follmann; F. J. A. Daniels, M. Schulz & J. Peine, eds., Koeltz Scientific Books: Koenigstein, pp. 337–351.
- ^ a b c Sérusiaux, E., P. van den Boom, and D. Ertz. 2010. A two-gene phylogeny shows the lichen genus Niebla (Lecanorales) is endemic to the New World and does not occur in Macaronesia nor in the Mediterranean basin. Fungal Biology 114: 528–37.
- ^ a b c d Bowler, P. and J. Marsh. 2004. Niebla. ‘Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert 2’: 368–380
- ^ "Lichens".
- ^ "Morphology of Lichens".
- ^ Culberson, C. L. 1969. Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products. Otto Koeltz Science Publishers: Koenigstein, p. 60
- ^ Sipman, H.J.M. 2011. New and notable species of Enterographa, Niebla, and Sclerophyton s. lat. from coastal Chile. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 106: 297-308.