Night game

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about sports practiced at night. For the novel, see Night Game (novel). For the film, see Night Game (film).

A night game, also called a nighter, is a

floodlights
or with the usual low-light conditions. The term "night game" is typically used only in reference to sports traditionally held outdoors. Although indoor sporting events often take place after local sunset, these events are artificially lighted regardless of the time of day they take place.

Baseball

baseball park in Boston, Massachusetts
.

A baseball game was played under electric lighting in 1880, the year after

light bulb. It was an experimental game between two department store teams, and it would take another fifty years before organized baseball would sanction night baseball. In 1892, the Texas League's Houston Buffaloes played at night using arc lights.[1][2] There were a couple of exhibition night baseball games in the early 1900s between organized baseball teams. One of them was in 1909, and the other was in 1927, but the games did not count in league standings. Even though the games were between professional teams, they were unofficial experiments and did not count as the "nocturnal first". In 1929, the president of the Des Moines, Iowa baseball club announced to the National Association convention he was going to play night baseball in 1930. However, the first official minor league night game actually took place in Independence, Kansas on April 28, 1930.[3]

An article in the April 1931 edition of Baseball Magazine stated that Independence was the first team in America to play a league night baseball game. After the game in Independence, night baseball "spread like wildfire" across the minor leagues.[4] In addition to that, in 1935, The Sporting News pointed out that Des Moines, Iowa was not the first to install permanent lights, but it was in fact Independence that did so. By the end of the 1934 season there were sixty-five minor league teams with permanent lights installed on their fields.[5] The light towers installed in Independence in 1930 were removed and scrapped in June 1990.[6] Mickey Mantle, an Independence Yankee in 1949, played under the historic lights.

Lighting technology had significantly improved since the 1927 night game exhibition. After fifty years of experiments, a new era in professional baseball was about to start. The Independence Producers of Independence, Kansas were a Class C minor league baseball team that played in a stadium known now as Shulthis Stadium. They purchased lights from the Giant Manufacturing Company and installed permanent lights on their field. When Independence played the night game on April 28, 1930, it made Independence the birthplace of professional night baseball. By the end of the 1930 season there were thirty-eight minor league teams with lights installed on their fields.[7]

Independence played the first night game in the history of Organized Baseball on April 28, 1930. The term Organized Baseball refers to Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball games. Organized Baseball games must follow specific rules in order to be Organized Baseball games. The Commissioner of Baseball has authority over Organized Baseball.[8] Independence lost the league game to the Muskogee Chiefs by a score of 13–3. Independence had previously played an exhibition game against the House of David, a professional baseball team, but the game did not qualify as an Organized Baseball game. Independence did however defeat the House of David with a score of 9–1.[9]

Since Independence had played a night baseball game before any Major League teams did so, the first night game in the history of Organized Baseball took place in Independence, Kansas. Numerous references, photos, and media clippings discussing the first night Organized Baseball game are available can be found on websites.[10][11][12]

After the 1930 game in Independence, night baseball did spread to other countries. The first night game baseball game in Canada took place in Vancouver, Canada in 1931.[13] In 1933 Japan played their first night baseball game, and Cuba did so in 1937.[14][15]

The first big-league team to play games at night was the 1930

House of David
baseball team, who carried portable lights mounted on trucks along with their team bus. [16][17] The Monarchs first night baseball game was on April 28, 1930. It was an exhibition game in Enid, Oklahoma against Phillips University.[18]

The first night game in Major League Baseball history occurred on May 24, 1935 when the Cincinnati Reds beat the Philadelphia Phillies 2–1 at Crosley Field.[19] The original plan was that the Reds would play seven night games each season, one against each visiting club.[20] Because games were at night, after working hours, many working families began attending night baseball games. As a result night games tended to have better attendance than day ganes. Consequently night baseball quickly found acceptance in other Major League cities and eventually became the norm; the term "day game" was subsequently coined to designate the increasingly rarer afternoon contests.

The last non-expansion/non-relocated team to play all their home games in the daytime were the Chicago Cubs; they played their first official night game in Wrigley Field on August 9, 1988 and beat the New York Mets 6–4, one night after their initial attempt at night baseball (against the Philadelphia Phillies) was rained out before it became official.[21] The Cubs still play the fewest home night games of any major league club (35 per season, as of 2014).

The first night All-Star Game was held at Philadelphia's Shibe Park in 1943, while the first World Series night game was Game 4 of the 1971 Series at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh. All All-Star Games since 1969, and all World Series games since Game 6 of the 1987 Series, have been played at night.

Cricket

Day/night match at Trent Bridge

The use of

floodlights in cricket matches has helped to bring much investment into the game both at a national and an international level since it began in 1977. Today floodlit (day/night) cricket is played in most of the test playing nations although some nations have only started hosting day/night matches in the last 10 to 12 years. Many important tournaments like Indian Premier League and Champions League Twenty20
have become success due to night games.

DSC Cricket Stadium in Dubai recently installed Ring of Fire[23]
system of floodlights which is latest and smartest system of floodlight in the world.

Gridiron football

The term has also been adopted by other outdoor stadium sports such as American football and Canadian football. The first night football game was played in Mansfield, Pennsylvania on September 28, 1892 between Mansfield State Normal and Wyoming Seminary. It ended bitterly at halftime in a 0–0 tie.[24] In 1893 at the Chicago's World Fair, the Chicago A. A. played a night football game against West Point. Chicago won the 40-minute game 14–0.[25] On November 21, 1902, the Philadelphia Athletics of the first National Football League defeated the Kanaweola Athletic Club, 39–0, at Maple Avenue Driving Park in the first professional football night game.[26] The first night football game west of the Mississippi River was played in Wichita, Kansas in 1905 between Cooper College (now Sterling College of Sterling, Kansas) and Fairmount College (now Wichita State University).[27]

The first NFL game played at night was in 1929 when the

Providence Steam Roller.[28]

Motorsports

Ligier JS P217 LMP2 of 2018 12 Hours of Sebring at night.
Ligier JS P217 LMP2 of 2018 12 Hours of Sebring at night.
The pits of Le Mans at night.

Automobile races at night can take on two different forms.

headlights
.

The alternate possibility involves installing a system of

Losail International Circuit in 2008. Formula One held its first night race at the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix
.

References

  1. Galveston Daily News
    . July 22, 1892. p. 8.
  2. ^ Johnston, Harry M. (July 10, 1904). "The Old Ball Park". Houston Post. p. 17.
  3. ^ Eddleton, Oscar (1980). "Under the Lights". Baseball Research Journal: 37–40.
  4. ^ Bloodgood, Clifford (April 1931). "1931 a Test for Night Baseball". Baseball magazine.
  5. ^ "Big Light Rush Staged in 1930 After Two Tests". No. January 24, 1935. The Sporting News. January 24, 1935.
  6. ^ "Reporter Living". Independence Daily Reporter. June 24, 1990.
  7. ^ Bowman, Larry. "I Think it is Pretty Ritzy, Myself" (PDF). Kansas State Historical Society. Kansas History, Winter 1995/1996.
  8. ISBN 0-7864-2087-1
    .
  9. ISBN 978-0-9703197-1-5
    .
  10. ^ "My Gallery". Night Baseball. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  11. ^ "Old News Clips". Shulthis Stadium. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  12. ^ Metcalf, Mark. "Producers Park Grandstand" (PDF). Kansas State Historical Society. Kansas State Historical Society. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  13. ^ Lytle, Andy. "Night Baseball is Well Received by Vancouver Fandom". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  14. ^ "Cuban Sports Timeline". History of Cuba. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  15. ^ "A History of Japanese Baseball". The Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. The Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  16. ISBN 0-7385-5082-5
    , pp. 108–109
  17. ISBN 0-7006-0343-3
    , pp. 69–71
  18. ISBN 978-0-7385-3316-2
    .
  19. ^ "Night Baseball Comes to the Majors". CrosleyField.com. Archived from the original on 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2006-12-05.
  20. ^ Hy Hurwitz, "Cronin Urges More Clubs to Put Player Names on Uniforms" The Sporting News, May 3, 1963, p. 4.
  21. ^ "Wrigley Field History". MLB.com. Retrieved 2006-12-05.
  22. ^ First D/N Cricket match by Cricinfo
  23. ^ "Dubai Sports City". Dubaisportscity.ae. 2008-08-19. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  24. ^ Mansfield, Pennsylvania - It happened one night – First Football under lights – Mansfield PA 1892
  25. ^ Pruter, Robert (2005). "Chicago Lights Up Football World" (PDF). LA 4 Foundation. XVIII (II): 7–10.
  26. ^ Janowski, Diane. "History sometimes happens unnoticed: First Ever Night Football Game". New York History History. New York State History Books and Music. Archived from the original on 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
  27. Coleman Company
    . Retrieved November 24, 2012.
  28. ^ "NFL's First Night Game". Pro Football Hall of Fame. January 1, 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  29. ^ lowesmotorspeedway.com Archived 2008-08-30 at the Wayback Machine "History" Retrieved 8/30/08

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Night games.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Night_game&oldid=1227377191"