Wichita, Kansas
Wichita, Kansas | |
---|---|
City and county seat | |
GNIS ID | 473862 [3] |
Website | wichita.gov |
Wichita (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɔː/ WITCH-ih-taw)[10] is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Sedgwick County.[3] As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 397,532.[5][6] The Wichita metro area had a population of 647,610 in 2020.[8] It is located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River.[3]
Wichita began as a trading post on the Chisholm Trail in the 1860s and was incorporated as a city in 1870. It became a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to Kansas railroads, earning it the nickname "Cowtown".[11][12] Wyatt Earp served as a police officer in Wichita for around one year before going to Dodge City.
In the 1920s and 1930s, businessmen and aeronautical engineers established aircraft manufacturing companies in Wichita, including
As an industrial hub, Wichita is a regional center of culture, media, and trade. It hosts several universities, large museums, theaters, parks, shopping centers, and entertainment venues, most notably
History
Early history
Archaeological evidence indicates human habitation near the confluence of the
19th century
Claimed first by France as part of Louisiana and later acquired by the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, it became part of Kansas Territory in 1854 and then the state of Kansas in 1861.[21][22]
The Wichita people returned in 1863, driven from their land in Indian Territory by Confederate forces in the American Civil War, and established a settlement on the banks of the Little Arkansas.[23][24][25] During this period, trader Jesse Chisholm established a trading post at the site, one of several along a trail extending south to Texas which became known as the Chisholm Trail.[26] In 1867, after the war, the Wichita returned to Indian Territory.[23]
In 1868, trader
Wichita's position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to access railroads, which led to markets in eastern U.S. cities.[26][29] The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway reached the city in 1872.[30] As a result, Wichita became a railhead for the cattle drives, earning it the nickname "Cowtown".[26][29] Across the Arkansas River, the town of Delano became an entertainment destination for cattlemen thanks to its saloons, brothels, and lack of law enforcement.[31]
James Earp ran a brothel with his wife Nellie "Bessie" Ketchum. His brother Wyatt was likely a pimp, although historian Gary L. Roberts believes that he was an enforcer or bouncer.[32] Local arrest records show that Earp's common-law wife Sally and James' wife Nellie managed a brothel there from early 1874 to the middle of 1876.[33] The area had a reputation for violence until lawmen like Wyatt stepped up enforcement, who officially joined the Wichita marshal's office on April 21, 1875. He was hired after the election of Mike Meagher as city marshal, making $100 per month.[26][29] By the middle of the decade, the cattle trade had moved west to Dodge City. Wichita annexed Delano in 1880.[31]
Rapid immigration resulted in a speculative land boom in the late 1880s, stimulating further expansion of the city. Fairmount College, which eventually grew into Wichita State University, opened in 1886; Garfield University, which eventually became Friends University, opened in 1887.[34][35] By 1890, Wichita had become the third-largest city in the state after Kansas City, and Topeka, with a population of nearly 24,000.[36] After the boom, however, the city entered an economic recession, and many of the original settlers went bankrupt.[37]
20th century
In 1914 and 1915, deposits of
The money generated by the oil boom enabled local entrepreneurs to invest in the nascent airplane-manufacturing industry. In 1917, Clyde Cessna built his Cessna Comet in Wichita, the first aircraft built in the city. In 1920, two local oilmen invited Chicago aircraft builder Emil "Matty" Laird to manufacture his designs in Wichita, leading to the formation of the Swallow Airplane Company. Two early Swallow employees, Lloyd Stearman and Walter Beech, went on to found two prominent Wichita-based companies, Stearman Aircraft in 1926 and Beechcraft in 1932, respectively. Cessna, meanwhile, started his own company in Wichita in 1927.[1] The city became such a center of the industry that the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce dubbed it the "Air Capital of the World" in 1929.[13][41][42]
Over the following decades, aviation and aircraft manufacturing continued to drive expansion of the city. In 1934, Stearman's Wichita facilities became part of
Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, several other prominent businesses and brands had their origins in Wichita. A. A. Hyde founded health-care products maker
Wichita has been a focal point of national political controversy multiple times in its history. In 1900, famous temperance extremist Carrie Nation struck in Wichita upon learning the city was not enforcing Kansas's prohibition ordinance.[47] The Dockum Drug Store sit-in took place in the city in 1958 with protesters pushing for desegregation.[51] In 1991, thousands of anti-abortion protesters blockaded and held sit-ins at Wichita abortion clinics, particularly the clinic of George Tiller.[52] Tiller was later murdered in Wichita by Scott Roeder in 2009.[53]
21st century
Except for a slow period in the 1970s, Wichita has continued to grow steadily into the 21st century.[36] In the late 1990s and 2000s, the city government and local organizations began collaborating to redevelop downtown Wichita and older neighborhoods in the city.[28][31][54] Intrust Bank Arena opened downtown in 2010.[55]
Boeing ended its operations in Wichita in 2014.[56] However, the city remains a national center of aircraft manufacturing with other companies including Spirit AeroSystems and Airbus maintaining facilities in Wichita.[27][57]
Wichita Mid-Continent Airport was officially renamed Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport after the Kansas native and U.S. President in 2015.[58]
Geography
Wichita is in south-central Kansas at the junction of Interstate 35 and U.S. Route 54.[59] Part of the Midwestern United States, it is 157 mi (253 km) north of Oklahoma City, 181 mi (291 km) southwest of Kansas City, and 439 mi (707 km) east-southeast of Denver.[60]
The city lies on the Arkansas River near the western edge of the Flint Hills in the Wellington-McPherson Lowlands region of the Great Plains.[61] The area's topography is characterized by the broad alluvial plain of the Arkansas River valley and the moderately rolling slopes that rise to the higher lands on either side.[62][63]
The Arkansas follows a winding course, south-southeast through Wichita, roughly bisecting the city. It is joined along its course by several tributaries, all of which flow generally south. The largest is the Little Arkansas River, which enters the city from the north and joins the Arkansas immediately west of downtown. Further east lies
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 163.59 sq mi (423.70 km2), of which 4.30 sq mi (11.14 km2) are covered by water.[65]
As the core of the
Climate
Climatic influences on weather
Wichita lies within the
Weather data
The average temperature in the city is 57.7 °F (14.3 °C).
Climate data for Wichita, Kansas (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1888–present)[b] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 75 (24) |
87 (31) |
92 (33) |
98 (37) |
102 (39) |
110 (43) |
113 (45) |
114 (46) |
108 (42) |
97 (36) |
86 (30) |
83 (28) |
114 (46) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 65.8 (18.8) |
71.6 (22.0) |
79.9 (26.6) |
85.3 (29.6) |
92.0 (33.3) |
98.4 (36.9) |
103.7 (39.8) |
102.2 (39.0) |
97.3 (36.3) |
89.0 (31.7) |
75.5 (24.2) |
65.3 (18.5) |
104.9 (40.5) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 43.9 (6.6) |
48.9 (9.4) |
59.1 (15.1) |
68.3 (20.2) |
77.5 (25.3) |
87.9 (31.1) |
92.6 (33.7) |
91.0 (32.8) |
83.3 (28.5) |
70.8 (21.6) |
57.0 (13.9) |
45.8 (7.7) |
68.8 (20.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 33.2 (0.7) |
37.6 (3.1) |
47.4 (8.6) |
56.5 (13.6) |
66.7 (19.3) |
76.9 (24.9) |
81.5 (27.5) |
79.9 (26.6) |
71.7 (22.1) |
59.0 (15.0) |
45.8 (7.7) |
35.6 (2.0) |
57.7 (14.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 22.5 (−5.3) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
35.7 (2.1) |
44.8 (7.1) |
55.9 (13.3) |
65.9 (18.8) |
70.4 (21.3) |
68.8 (20.4) |
60.1 (15.6) |
47.2 (8.4) |
34.7 (1.5) |
25.4 (−3.7) |
46.5 (8.1) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 5.1 (−14.9) |
8.4 (−13.1) |
17.1 (−8.3) |
28.2 (−2.1) |
40.5 (4.7) |
53.9 (12.2) |
61.4 (16.3) |
59.3 (15.2) |
44.6 (7.0) |
29.7 (−1.3) |
17.9 (−7.8) |
8.4 (−13.1) |
1.0 (−17.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −15 (−26) |
−22 (−30) |
−3 (−19) |
15 (−9) |
27 (−3) |
43 (6) |
51 (11) |
45 (7) |
31 (−1) |
14 (−10) |
1 (−17) |
−16 (−27) |
−22 (−30) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.85 (22) |
1.20 (30) |
2.30 (58) |
3.10 (79) |
5.17 (131) |
4.93 (125) |
3.98 (101) |
4.30 (109) |
3.05 (77) |
2.85 (72) |
1.36 (35) |
1.22 (31) |
34.31 (871) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.7 (6.9) |
3.6 (9.1) |
2.1 (5.3) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.8 (2.0) |
3.1 (7.9) |
12.7 (32) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 4.8 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 87.1 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 9.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
69.9 | 68.3 | 63.8 | 62.8 | 67.0 | 64.3 | 58.9 | 61.1 | 66.8 | 65.1 | 70.0 | 71.7 | 65.8 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 19.6 (−6.9) |
23.7 (−4.6) |
32.0 (0.0) |
42.3 (5.7) |
53.1 (11.7) |
61.2 (16.2) |
63.7 (17.6) |
62.6 (17.0) |
56.8 (13.8) |
45.0 (7.2) |
34.0 (1.1) |
23.5 (−4.7) |
43.1 (6.2) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 190.9 | 186.4 | 230.4 | 257.8 | 289.8 | 305.0 | 342.1 | 309.2 | 245.6 | 226.3 | 170.2 | 168.7 | 2,922.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 62 | 62 | 62 | 65 | 66 | 69 | 76 | 73 | 66 | 65 | 56 | 57 | 66 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
Source: National Weather Service (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[72][71][73] |
Pollen and other allergens
Wichita is consistently ranked as one of the worst major cities in the nation for seasonal allergies, due largely to tree and grass pollen (partly from surrounding open plains and pastureland), and smoke from frequent burning of fields by the region's farmers and ranchers, driven by the strong Kansas winds.[74][75] The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, ranked Wichita—out of the nation's 100 largest cities—6th worst for people with allergies in 2016,[76] 3rd worst in 2021,[77] 2nd worst in 2022,[78] and worst nationwide in 2023.[74][79][80][81][82]
Neighborhoods
Wichita has several recognized areas and neighborhoods. The downtown area is generally considered to be east of the Arkansas River, west of Washington Street, north of Kellogg, and south of 13th Street. It contains landmarks such as Century II, the Garvey Center, and the Epic Center. Old Town is also part of downtown; this 50-acre (0.20 km2) area is home to a cluster of nightclubs, bars, restaurants, a movie theater, shops, and apartments and condominiums, many of which make use of historical warehouse-type spaces.
Two notable residential areas of Wichita are Riverside and College Hill. Riverside is northwest of downtown, across the Arkansas River, and surrounds the 120-acre (0.49 km2) Riverside Park.[83] College Hill is east of downtown and south of Wichita State University. It is one of the more historic neighborhoods, along with Delano on the west side and Midtown in the north-central city.[84]
Four other historic neighborhoods—developed in southeast Wichita (particularly near
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 689 | — | |
1880 | 4,911 | 612.8% | |
1890 | 23,853 | 385.7% | |
1900 | 24,671 | 3.4% | |
1910 | 52,450 | 112.6% | |
1920 | 72,217 | 37.7% | |
1930 | 111,110 | 53.9% | |
1940 | 114,966 | 3.5% | |
1950 | 168,279 | 46.4% | |
1960 | 254,698 | 51.4% | |
1970 | 276,554 | 8.6% | |
1980 | 279,272 | 1.0% | |
1990 | 304,011 | 8.9% | |
2000 | 344,284 | 13.2% | |
2010 | 382,368 | 11.1% | |
2020 | 397,532 | 4.0% | |
2021 (est.) | 395,699 | [7] | −0.5% |
U.S. Decennial Census[90] 2010–2020[6] |
In terms of population, Wichita is the largest city in Kansas and the 49th largest city in the United States, according to the 2020 census.[6]
Race / ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop. 2000[91] | Pop. 2010[92] | Pop. 2020[93] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
246,924 | 246,744 | 233,703 | 71.72% | 64.53% | 58.79% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
38,732 | 42,676 | 42,228 | 11.25% | 11.16% | 10.62% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
3,525 | 3,424 | 3,400 | 1.02% | 0.90% | 0.86% |
Asian alone (NH) | 13,543 | 18,272 | 19,991 | 3.93% | 4.78% | 5.03% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 168 | 311 | 429 | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.11% |
Other race alone (NH) | 528 | 472 | 1,585 | 0.15% | 0.12% | 0.40% |
Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | 7,752 | 12,121 | 23,410 | 2.25% | 3.17% | 5.89% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 33,112 | 58,348 | 72,786 | 9.62% | 15.26% | 18.31% |
Total | 344,284 | 382,368 | 397,532 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 397,532 people, 154,683 households, and 92,969 families in Wichita. The population density was 2,454.1 per square mile (947.5/km2). There were 172,801 housing units at an average density of 1,066.7 per square mile (411.9/km2).[94]
The U.S. Census accounts for race by two methodologies. "Race alone" and "Race alone less Hispanics" where Hispanics are delineated separately as if a separate race.
The racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 63.39% (251,997)
The racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from the racial counts and placed in their own category) was 58.79% (233,703)
Of the 154,683 households, 26.6% had children under the age of 18; 42.6% were married couples living together; 29.4% had a female householder with no husband present. 33.2% of households consisted of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.2.
24.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.7 males.
The 2016-2020 5-year
2010 census
As of the
Of the 151,818 households, 33.4% had children under 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were not families. About 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.48, and the average family size was 3.14.[97]
The median age in the city was 33.9 years; 26.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.1% were between 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11.5% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.[97]
The
Metropolitan area
Wichita is the principal city of both the Wichita
The larger Wichita-Winfield CSA also includes
Economy
It is the birthplace of famous restaurants such as
Wichita's principal
Thanks to the early 20th-century oil boom in neighboring
Koch Industries and
As of 2013, 68.2% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force; 0.6% was in the armed forces, and 67.6% was in the civilian labor force with 61.2% employed and 6.4% unemployed. The occupational composition of the employed civilian labor force was 33.3% in management, business, science, and arts; 25.1% in sales and office occupations; 17.2% in service occupations; 14.0% in production, transportation, and material moving; and 10.4% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were educational services, health care, and social assistance (22.3%); manufacturing (19.2%); and retail trade (11.0%).[97]
The cost of living in Wichita is below average; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the city is 84.0.[113] As of 2013, the median home value in the city was $117,500, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,194 for housing units with a mortgage and $419 for those without, and the median gross rent was $690.[97]
Aircraft manufacturing
From the early to late 20th century, aircraft pioneers such as Clyde Cessna, Emil Matthew "Matty" Laird, Lloyd Stearman, Walter Beech, Al Mooney and Bill Lear began aircraft-manufacturing enterprises that led to Wichita becoming the nation's leading city in numbers of aircraft produced, earning Wichita, in 1928, the 1929 title "Air Capital City" from the nation's Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce — a title the city would claim permanently.[13][114][115][116]
The aircraft corporations
Today, Cessna Aircraft Co. (the world's highest-volume airplane manufacturer) and Beechcraft remain based in Wichita, having merged into
In the early 2000s, a national and international recession combined with the after-effects of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to depress the aviation subsector in and around Wichita. Orders for new aircraft plummeted, prompting Wichita's five largest aircraft manufacturers, Boeing Co., Cessna Aircraft Co., Bombardier Learjet Inc., Hawker Beechcraft, and Raytheon Aircraft Co.—to slash a combined 15,000 jobs between 2001 and 2004. In response, these companies began developing small- and mid-sized airplanes to appeal to business and corporate users.[108]
In 2007, Wichita built 977 aircraft, ranging from single-engine light aircraft to the world's fastest civilian jet; one-fifth of the civilian aircraft produced in United States that year, plus numerous small military aircraft.[115][16][120] In early 2012, Boeing announced it would be closing its Wichita plant by the end of 2013,[118][121] which paved the road for Spirit Aerosystems to open its plant (actually, the Boeing-Wichita factory, still producing the same aircraft assemblies for Boeing, but officially under a different corporation).[13][122]
Arts and culture
Arts
Wichita is home to several art museums and performing arts groups. The Wichita Art Museum is the largest art museum in the state of Kansas and contains 7,000 works in permanent collections.[123] The Ulrich Museum of Art at Wichita State University is a modern and contemporary art museum with over 6,300 works in its permanent collection.[124]
Music
Wichita is the music hub of central Kansas, and draws major acts from around the world, performing at various concert halls, arenas, and stadiums around the area. Most major rock'n'roll and pop-music stars, and virtually all country music stars, perform there during their career.
The
Events
The
Wichita customarily holds major parades for the River Festival,
The annual Wichita Black Arts Festival, held in the spring, celebrates the arts, crafts, and creativity of Wichita's large African-American community. It usually takes place in Central-Northeast Wichita. A Juneteenth event and parade also are common annual events.
The annual Wichita Asian Festival, usually held at Century II in October, displays the native arts, crafts, cultural performances and foods of Wichita's large, diverse Asian community from the Middle East, Central and South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia. The event includes many varied performances of Asian music, dance, acrobatics and martial arts, talent pageant, and vendors of Asian arts and crafts.[131][132][133][134] Dozens of food vendors serve the cuisine of most Asian nations.[135][133][132]
The International Student Association at Wichita State University presents an annual international cultural exhibition and food festival, on the campus at WSU, providing an inexpensive sampling of global culture and cuisine to the general public.
One or more large Renaissance fairs occur annually, including the "RenFair" in conjunction with the "Kingdom of Calontir" of the SCA (Society for Creative Anachronism). The fairs vary in length from one day to a week, typically at Sedgwick County Park or Newman University.
The Wichita Public Library's Academy Awards Shorts program is reportedly the oldest annual, complete, free public screening outside of Hollywood of the full array of short films nominated for an Academy Award ("Oscar"). In late winter, shortly before the Academy Awards ceremonies, the films—including all nominated documentary, live action, and animated shorts—are presented, free, at the Library and in local theaters and other venues around Wichita. Wichita's former Congressman, Motion Picture Association President Dan Glickman, has served as honorary chair of the event, and some of the filmmakers have attended and visited with the audiences.[136][137][138][139][140][141]
The Tallgrass Film Festival has been held in downtown Wichita since 2003. It draws over 100 independent feature and short films from all over the world for three days each October. Notable people from the entertainment industry have attended the festival.[142]
Aviation-related events are common in the Wichita area, including air shows, fly-ins, air races, aviation conferences, exhibitions, and trade shows. The city's two main air shows, which are generally held in alternating years, are the city-sponsored civilian Wichita Flight Festival[143] (originally the "Kansas Flight Festival") and the military-sponsored McConnell Air Force Base Open House and Airshow.[144] Both are large regional air shows with famous acts and multimillion-dollar aircraft displays (including many Wichita-built aircraft). In addition, numerous local, regional, and national aviation organizations host fly-ins, conferences, exhibitions, and trade shows in the Wichita area on irregular schedules.
A wide range of car shows are also common in Wichita,[145][146][147][148] including the Blacktop Nationals,[149][150][151] the Automobilia show (claiming over 1,000 vehicles on display[152]),[153] and the Riverfest Classic Car Show,[154] each of which fill much of downtown Wichita.[150][153][154] Wichita is also home to the large Cars for Charities Rod & Custom Car Show (started in 1957 as the Darryl Starbird Show), one of the longest-running indoor car shows in the nation.[155][156][157][158]
Points of interest
Museums and landmarks devoted to science, culture, and area history are located throughout the city. Several lie along the Arkansas River west of downtown, including the Exploration Place science and discovery center, the Mid-America All-Indian Center, the Old Cowtown living history museum, and The Keeper of the Plains statue and its associated display highlighting the daily lives of Plains Indians. The Wichita-Sedgwick County Historical Museum in downtown Wichita occupies the original Wichita city hall, built in 1892. The museum contains artifacts that tell the story of Wichita and Sedgwick County starting from 1865 and continuing to the present day.[159] Nearby is the 1913 Sedgwick County Memorial Hall and Soldiers and Sailors Monument. East of downtown is the Museum of World Treasures and railroad-oriented Great Plains Transportation Museum. The Coleman Factory Outlet and Museum was at 235 N St. Francis street and was the home of the Coleman Lantern until it closed in 2018.[160] Wichita State University hosts the Lowell D. Holmes Museum of Anthropology. The Kansas Aviation Museum, housed in the Terminal and Administration building of the former Municipal Airport, is in southeast Wichita adjacent to McConnell Air Force Base. The Original Pizza Hut Museum is also located on the Wichita State University campus for pizza lovers and fans to visit.
Botanica, The Wichita Gardens, also along the Arkansas River, has 24 themed gardens including the Butterfly Garden and the Sally Stone Sensory Garden.[citation needed] The Sedgwick County Zoo in the northwest part of Wichita is the most popular outdoor tourist attraction in the state of Kansas, and is home to more than 2,500 animals representing 500 different species.[161] The zoo is next to Sedgwick County Park and the Sedgwick County Extension Arboretum.
Intrust Bank Arena is the city's primary event venue, featuring 22 suites, 2 party suites, 40 loge boxes and over 300 premium seats with a total potential capacity of over 15,000.[162] This arena in the middle of Wichita opened in January 2010.[163]
Located immediately east of downtown is Old Town, the city's entertainment district. In the early 1990s, developers transformed it from an old
Moody's Skidrow Beanery, at 625 E. Douglas in what was to become Old Town, was one of the more famous places in Wichita in the 1960s. It was the scene of a nationally followed First Amendment struggle[165] and was visited by Allen Ginsberg in 1966 (the name had been changed to the Magic Theatre Vortex Art Gallery) where he first read his long poem "Wichita Vortex Sutra."
Wichita is also home to two major indoor shopping malls: Towne East Square, managed by Simon Property Group, and Towne West Square. Towne East is home to four anchor stores and has more than 100 tenants. Towne West Square, which was put into foreclosure in 2019,[166] was still operational as of 2021. The oldest mall, Wichita Mall, was for many years largely a dead mall, but has since been converted into office space.[167] There are also two large outdoor shopping centers, Bradley Fair (which hosts jazz concerts and art festivals) located on the city's northeast side and New Market Square located on the city's northwest side. Each establishment consists of over 50 stores spread out on several acres.
In 1936, the Wichita post office contained two oil-on-canvas murals, Kansas Farming, painted by
Wichita also has a number of parks and recreational areas such as Riverside Park, College Hill Park, and McAdams Park.
Libraries
The Wichita Public Library is the city's library system, presently consisting of a central facility, the Advanced Learning Library in Delano and six branch locations in other neighborhoods around the city.[169] The library operates several free programs for the public, including special events, technology training classes, and programs specifically for adults, children, and families.[170] As of 2009, its holdings included more than 1.3 million books and 2.2 million items total.[171]
Sports
Wichita is home to several professional, semi-professional, non-professional, and collegiate sports teams. Professional teams include the
Defunct professional teams which used to play in Wichita include the
Collegiate teams based in the city include the Wichita State University Shockers, Newman University Jets, and the Friends University Falcons. The WSU Shockers are NCAA Division I teams that compete in men's and women's basketball, baseball, volleyball, track and field, tennis, and bowling. The Newman Jets are NCAA Division II teams that compete in baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, wrestling, volleyball, and cheer/dance. The Friends Falcons compete in Region IV of the NAIA in football, volleyball, soccer, cross country, basketball, tennis, track and field, and golf.
Several sports venues are in and around the city.
Wichita Ice Arena, just west of downtown, is a public ice-skating rink used for ice-skating competitions. Century II has been used for professional wrestling tournaments, gardening shows, sporting-goods exhibitions, and other recreational activities. The WSU campus includes two major venues: Eck Stadium, a medium-sized stadium with a full-sized baseball field that is home to the WSU Shocker baseball team, and Charles Koch Arena, a medium-sized, dome-roofed circular arena with a collegiate basketball court that hosts the WSU Shocker basketball team. Koch Arena is also used extensively for citywide and regional high school athletic events, concerts, and other entertainments. Just north of the city is 81 Motor Speedway, an oval motor-vehicle racetrack used extensively for a wide range of car, truck, and motorcycle races, and other motorsports events. Neighboring Park City is home to Hartman Arena and the Sam Fulco Pavilions, a moderate-capacity low-roofed arena developed for small rodeos, horse shows, livestock competitions, and exhibitions.
Wichita is also home to two sports museums, the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame and the Wichita Sports Hall of Fame and Museum.[178][179]
Professional
Team | Founded | League | Sport |
---|---|---|---|
Wichita Thunder | 1992 | ECHL | Ice hockey |
Wichita Wind Surge | 2020 | Double-A Central |
Baseball |
Wichita Wings | 2019 | MASL 2 | Indoor soccer |
College
School | School nickname |
Level | # of teams |
---|---|---|---|
Wichita State University | Shockers | NCAA Division I | 15 |
Newman University | Jets | NCAA Division II | 16 |
Friends University | Falcons | NAIA | 15 |
Government
Under state statute, Wichita is a
The
As the
Many departments and agencies of the
Wichita lies within Kansas's 4th U.S. Congressional District, represented since 2017 by Republican Ron Estes. For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is in the 16th and 25th through 32nd districts of the Kansas Senate and the 81st, 83rd through 101st, 103rd, and 105th districts of the Kansas House of Representatives.[180]
Education
Primary and secondary education
With over 50,000 students, Wichita USD 259 is the largest school district in Kansas.[195] It operates more than 90 schools in the city including 12 high schools, 16 middle schools, 61 elementary schools, and more than a dozen special schools and programs.[196] Outlying portions of Wichita lie within suburban public unified school districts including Andover USD 385, Circle USD 375, Derby USD 260, Goddard USD 265, Haysville USD 261, Maize USD 266, and Valley Center USD 262. Some of these schools, despite being in other school districts, are within the Wichita city limits.[197]
There are more than 35 private and parochial schools in Wichita.
Colleges and universities
Wichita has several colleges, universities, technical schools and branch campuses of other universities around the state. These include the following:
- Wichita State University
- Friends University
- Newman University
- University of Kansas - School of Medicine Wichita Campus (KU Wichita)
- Wichita Technical Institute
Three universities have their main campuses in Wichita. The largest is
Several colleges and universities based outside Wichita operate satellite locations in and around the city. The
Media
The Wichita media market also includes local newspapers in several surrounding suburban communities.
The Wichita
Wichita is the principal city of the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market, which comprises the western two-thirds of the state.[228] All of the market's network affiliates broadcast from Wichita with the ABC, CBS, CW, FOX and NBC affiliates serving the wider market through state networks of satellite and translator stations.[229][230][231][232][233][234] The city also hosts a PBS member station, a Univision affiliate, and several low-power stations.[235][236]
Filmed in Wichita
The 1980 horror film, The Attic, was set and filmed in Wichita.[237][238] Scenes from the films Mars Attacks! and Twister were filmed in Wichita.[239]
Infrastructure
Flood control
Wichita suffered severe floods of the Arkansas river in 1877, 1904, 1916, 1923, 1944, 1951 and 1955. In 1944 the city flooded 3 times in 11 days.[240] As a result of the 1944 flood, the idea for the
Utilities
.Health care
Ascension Via Christi operates three general medical and surgical hospitals in Wichita—Via Christi Hospital St. Francis, Via Christi Hospital St. Joseph, and Via Christi Hospital St. Teresa—and other specialized medical facilities.
Transportation
Highway
The average commute time in Wichita was 18.2 minutes from 2013 to 2017.[253] Several federal and state highways pass through the city. Interstate 35, as the Kansas Turnpike, enters the city from the south and turns northeast, running along the city's southeastern edge and exiting through the eastern part of the city. Interstate 135 runs generally north-south through the city, its southern terminus lying at its interchange with I-35 in south-central Wichita. Interstate 235, a bypass route, passes through north-central, west, and south-central Wichita, traveling around the central parts of the city. Both its northern and southern termini are interchanges with I-135. U.S. Route 54 and U.S. Route 400 run concurrently through Wichita as Kellogg Avenue, the city's primary east-west artery, with interchanges, from west to east, with I-235, I-135, and I-35. U.S. Route 81, a north-south route, enters Wichita from the south as Broadway, turns east as 47th Street South for approximately half a mile, and then runs concurrently north with I-135 through the rest of the city. K-96, an east-west route, enters the city from the northwest, runs concurrently with I-235 through north-central Wichita, turns south for approximately a mile, running concurrently with I-135 before splitting off to the east and traveling around northeast Wichita, ultimately terminating at an interchange with U.S. 54/U.S. 400 in the eastern part of the city. K-254 begins at I-235's interchange with I-135 in north-central Wichita and exits the city to the northeast. K-15, a north-south route, enters the city from the south and joins I-135 and U.S. 81 in south-central Wichita, running concurrently with them through the rest of the city. K-42 enters the city from the southwest and terminates at its interchange with U.S. 54/U.S. 400 in west-central Wichita.[64]
Bus
Wichita Transit operates 53 buses on 18 fixed bus routes within the city. The organization reports over 2 million trips per year (5,400 trips per day) on its fixed routes. Wichita Transit also operates a demand response paratransit service with 320,800 passenger trips annually.[254] A 2005 study ranked Wichita near the bottom of the fifty largest American cities in terms of percentage of commuters using public transit. Only 0.5% used it to get to or from work.[255]
Air
The Wichita Airport Authority manages the city's two main public airports, Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport and Colonel James Jabara Airport.[259] Located in the western part of the city, Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport is the city's primary airport as well as the largest airport in Kansas.[64][259] Seven commercial airlines (Alaska, Allegiant, American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest & United) serve Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport with non-stop flights to several U.S. airline hubs.[260] Jabara Airport is a general aviation facility on the city's northeast side.[261] The city also has several privately owned airports. Cessna Aircraft Field and Beech Factory Airport, operated by manufacturers Cessna and Beechcraft, respectively, lie in east Wichita.[262][263] Two smaller airports, Riverside Airport and Westport Airport, are in west Wichita.[264][265]
Rail
Two
Wichita has not had passenger rail service since 1979.
Walkability
A 2014 study by Walk Score ranked Wichita 41st most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.[272]
Cycling
After numerous citizen surveys showed Wichitans want better bicycle infrastructure, The Wichita Bicycle Master Plan, a set of guidelines toward the development of a 149-mile Priority Bicycle Network, was endorsed by the Wichita City Council on February 5, 2013, as a guide to future infrastructure planning and development. As a result, Wichita's bikeways covered 115 miles of the city by 2018. One-third of the bikeways were added between 2011, when the plan was still in development, and 2018.[273][274]
Notable people
Crime and law enforcement
Politics
Numerous politicians and government employees were born, raised, or lived in Wichita.
Business
The
Athletes
Athletes including Pro Football Hall of Fame running back Barry Sanders,[275] Basketball Hall of Famer Lynette Woodard, and UFC flyweight fighter Tim Elliott were all born or raised in Wichita. Summer Olympic medal-winning athletes Jim Ryun (track and field), Nico Hernandez (boxing), and Kelsey Stewart (softball) are all from Wichita. Ryun also a congressional representative for the 2nd district of Kansas for 10 years.
Media
Actress
In popular culture
Wichita is mentioned in the 1968 hit song "Wichita Lineman" by Glen Campbell. It is also mentioned in the songs "I've Been Everywhere", and "Seven Nation Army".
Allen Ginsberg wrote about a visit to Wichita in his poem "Wichita Vortex Sutra", for which Philip Glass subsequently wrote a solo piano piece.[277]
The stage play Hospitality Suite takes place in Wichita as does its 1999 film adaptation, The Big Kahuna.[278] The city is the setting for the comic strip Dennis the Menace.[279]
The films Wichita (1955) and portions of Wyatt Earp (1994), both of which dramatize the life and career of former Wichita lawman Wyatt Earp, are set in Wichita,[280][281] as were early episodes of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp (1955-1961),[282][283] the first adult-oriented western TV series.[284][285] The short-lived 1959–1960 television western Wichita Town was set during the city's early years.[286]
Other films wholly or partially set in the city include Good Luck, Miss Wyckoff (1979),[287] Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987),[288] The Ice Harvest (2005),[289] and Knight and Day (2010).[290] In the 2016 remake of The Magnificent Seven, the lead character is identified as a Wichita lawman.[291][292]
Wichita's
Sister cities
- Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico - November 25, 1975[298]
- Kaifeng, Henan, China - December 3, 1985[299]
- Orléans, Loiret, France - August 16, 1944,[300][301] through Sister Cities International
- Tlalnepantla de Baz, State of Mexico, Mexico[302]
See also
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Sedgwick County, Kansas
- Abilene Trail
- Arkansas Valley Interurban Railway
- Joyland Amusement Park
- Wichita Public Schools
- McConnell Air Force Base
- USS Wichita, 3 ships
Notes
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Wichita have been kept at various locations in and around the city from July 1888 to November 1953, and at the Mid-Continent Airport since December 1953 (currently named Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport). For more information, see Threadex
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Further reading
- Wichita : Illustrated History 1868 to 1880; Eunice S. Chapter; 52 pages; 1914. (Download 3MB PDF eBook)
- History of Wichita and Sedgwick County Kansas : Past and present, including an account of the cities, towns, and villages of the county; 2 Volumes; O.H. Bentley; C.F. Cooper & Co; 454 / 479 pages; 1910. (Volume1 - Download 20MB PDF eBook), (Volume2 - Download 31MB PDF eBook)
External links
- City of Wichita
- Wichita - Directory of Public Officials
- Wichita Metro Chamber of Commerce
- Wichita Photo Archives - Wichita State University
- Discover Historic Wichita, brochure with map / list / photos / description of 121 Registered Historic Landmarks
- Wichita city map, KSDOT