Nikolay Gamaleya

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Nikolay Gamaleya
Odessa, Russian Empire
Died29 March 1949(1949-03-29) (aged 90)
Moscow
, Russian Empire

Nikolay Fyodorovich Gamaleya (Russian: Никола́й Фёдорович Гамале́я; 17 February 1859 [O.S. 5 February][1] – 29 March 1949[2]) was a Russian and Soviet physician and scientist who played a pioneering role in microbiology and vaccine research.

Biography

Gamaleya was born in

S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy) in 1883.[3]
He became a respected hospital physician in his native Odessa afterward.

Gamaleya worked in

cattle plague and cholera, diagnosing sputum for tuberculosis, and preparing anthrax vaccines.[4] The Odessa Bacteriological Institute became Russia's first-ever bacteriological observation station.[5]

Despite the poor facilities and the small staff, the scientists were able to succeed in figuring out the conditions under which the rabies vaccination was most effective.

Chernigov (1897).[6]

After defending his 1892 dissertation on the

antibodies known as bacteriolysins.[7]

Gamaleya initiated a public health campaign of exterminating rats to fight the plague in Odessa and southern Russia and pointed to the louse as the carrier of typhus.[8] In 1910-1913, Gamaleya edited the journal Gigiena i sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation).[7][9]

Gamaleya's later work, including organizing the supply and distribution of smallpox vaccines for the Red Army, made strides toward the eventual eradication of smallpox in the USSR.[10]

The author of more than 300 academic publications on bacteriology, Gamaleya was a member of the

Academy of Sciences of the USSR[11] and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.[12]
He also served as head of the All-Union Society of Microbiologists, Epidemiologists and Infectionists.

The highly regarded Gamaleya's state honors included two

State Stalin Prize
.

Gamaleya died in Moscow.[2]

The

N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology in Moscow is named after him.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Kuznet͡sov, I. V. (1963). Li͡u︡di russkoĭ nauki ...: Biologii͡a︡ (in Russian). Moscow: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka". p. 605. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b Вавилов, Сергей Иванович (1949). Большая советская энциклопедия: Газель-Германий (in Russian). Государственное научное издательство "Большая советская энциклопедия, ". p. 183. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  3. ISBN 978-966-8072-85-7
    . Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-89875-622-7
    .
  5. ISBN 978-966-7482-15-2
    . Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  6. ^ Melikishvili, Alexander (2006). "Genesis of the Anti-Plague System: The Tsarist Period". Critical Reviews in Microbiology 32, pp. 19–31. ISSN 1040-841X.
  7. ^
    James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies
    . Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  8. ISBN 0-8369-2818-0
    .
  9. ^ "Hygiene and sanitation". Izdatelstvo Meditsina.
  10. ISBN 0-8369-2818-0
    .
  11. ^ Архив Академии наук СССР (in Russian). Изд-во АН СССР. 1977. p. 154. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  12. ISBN 978-5-04-366348-1
    . Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  13. ^ "History". gamaleya.org. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

Further reading

  • Bardell, D (1982). "An 1898 Report by Gamaleya for a Lytic Agent Specific for Bacillus Anthracis". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 37 (2): 222–5.
    PMID 6806352
    .

External links

Media related to Nikolay Fedorovich Gamaleya at Wikimedia Commons

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