North European hypothesis
The North European hypothesis was a linguistic and archaeological theory that tried to explain the spread of the
Overview
According to Penka, the first to propose a Nordic Urheimat, the primitive Indo-European people had to be sedentary farmers native of the north, formed without external interference since the Paleolithic.[2] The presence of a term to indicate copper (*ayes) in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European vocabulary would restrict the homeland (Urheimat) in a culture of the late Neolithic or the Chalcolithic. Terms in favor of a northern location would be, among others, the ones to indicate the beech (bhāghos) and the sea (*mori).[2] Others, such as Kossinna, identified specifically the Chalcolithic Corded Ware culture (c. 2900–2300 BC, but at the time known as Battle-Axe culture or, in German, Streitaxtkultur, and dated to c. 2000 BC) with the Proto-Indo-Europeans.[5]
For Boettcher, the very first period of formation of the future proto-Indo-European peoples began in the late Paleolithic, when global warming, which followed the
The fusion of these two populations gave rise to the so-called
, which would show the union between warrior groups and groups of producers/farmers.Later cultures, such as the Globular Amphora culture and the Corded Ware culture, would represent the expansion of the Indo-Europeans (or Indogermanen according to this hypothesis) from their original locations in the North European Plain toward Russia (Middle Dnieper culture, Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture[11]) and Asia (Koban culture[12]). Similar movements of Nordic populations would have radiated from Northern Europe to Western and Southern Europe, including Anatolia (Troy),[11]) between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
See also
Notes
- ^ See:
- Mallory: "The Kurgan solution is attractive and has been accepted by many archaeologists and linguists, in part or total. It is the solution one encounters in the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Larousse."[3]
- Strazny: "The single most popular proposal is the Pontic steppes (see the Kurgan hypothesis)...".[4]
References
Citations
- ^ Gordon Childe 1926, p. 178.
- ^ a b c Villar 1997, p. 42-47.
- ^ Mallory 1989, p. 185.
- ^ Strazny 2000, p. 163.
- ^ Mallory & Adams 1997, pp. 127–128.
- ^ Boettcher 1999, p. 28.
- ^ Boettcher 1999, p. 68.
- ^ Mallory & Adams 1997, p. 596.
- ^ Haudry 1981.
- ^ Boettcher 1999, p. 148.
- ^ a b Gordon Childe 1926, p. 177.
- ^ Gordon Childe 1926, p. 177-178.
Sources
- Boettcher, Carl-Heinz (1999), Röhrig (ed.), Der Ursprung Europas: Die Wiege des Westens vor 6000 Jahren (in German), ISBN 3861102005
- Gordon Childe, Vere (1926). The Aryans: A Study of Indo-European Origins.
- ISBN 978-2130383710.
- ISBN 9780500050521.
- ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
- Villar, Francisco (1991). Los Indoeuropeos y los origines de Europa: lenguaje e historia (in Spanish). Madrid: Gredos. ISBN 88-15-05708-0.