O Little Town of Bethlehem

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

O Little Town of Bethlehem
Author's manuscript of first stanza
GenreChristmas carol
Written1868
TextPhillips Brooks
Based onMicah 5:2
Meter8.6.8.6.7.6.8.6
Melody"St. Louis" by Lewis Redner,
"Forest Green" by Ralph Vaughan Williams

"O Little Town of Bethlehem" is a

English Hymnal
.

Words

The text was written by Phillips Brooks (1835–1893), an

Episcopal priest, then rector of Church of the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, and later of Trinity Church, Boston. He was inspired by visiting the village of Bethlehem in the Sanjak of Jerusalem in 1865. Three years later, he wrote the poem for his church, and his organist Lewis Redner
(1831–1908) added the music.

Music

St Louis

Symphonic arrangement
Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Redner's tune, simply titled "St. Louis", is the tune used most often for this carol in the United States.[1] Redner recounted the story of his composition:[1]

As Christmas of 1868 approached, Mr. Brooks told me that he had written a simple little carol for the Christmas Sunday-school service, and he asked me to write the tune to it. The simple music was written in great haste and under great pressure. We were to practice it on the following Sunday. Mr. Brooks came to me on Friday, and said, "Redner, have you ground out that music yet to 'O Little Town of Bethlehem'?" I replied, "No", but that he should have it by Sunday. On the Saturday night previous my brain was all confused about the tune. I thought more about my Sunday-school lesson than I did about the music. But I was roused from sleep late in the night hearing an angel-strain whispering in my ear, and seizing a piece of music paper I jotted down the treble of the tune as we now have it, and on Sunday morning before going to church I filled in the harmony. Neither Mr. Brooks nor I ever thought the carol or the music to it would live beyond that Christmas of 1868.

My recollection is that Richard McCauley, who then had a bookstore on Chestnut Street west of Thirteenth Street, printed it on leaflets for sale. Rev. Dr. Huntington, rector of All Saints' Church, Worcester, Mass., asked permission to print it in his Sunday-school hymn and tune book, called The Church Porch,[2] and it was he who christened the music "Saint Louis".

\transpose c bes, \new Staff << \clef treble \key g \major { \time 4/4 \partial 4 \relative g' { b4 | b b ais b | d c e, a | g fis8 g a4 d, | b'2. \bar"" \break b4 | b b e d | d c e, a | g fis8 g b4 a | g2. \bar"" \break b4 | b b a g | fis2 fis4 fis | e fis g a | b2. \bar"" \break b4 | b b ais b | d c e, e' | d g, b4. a8 | g2. \bar"|." } } %\new Lyrics \lyricmode { %} >> \layout { indent = #0 } \midi { \tempo 4 = 80 }

Forest Green

MIDI rendition

In the United Kingdom and

1901 census was living in Ockley, Surrey; Vaughan Williams' manuscript notes he was a "labourer of Forest Green near Ockley – Surrey. ([aged] about 60?)",[3] although Mr Garman would have been nearer 73 when he recited the tune.[5] The tune has a strophic
verse structure and is in the form A–A–B–A. Adapted into a hymn tune harmonised by Vaughan Williams, it was first published in the English Hymnal of 1906 (transcribed below).

<< << \new Staff { \clef treble \time 4/2 \partial 2 \key f \major \set Staff.midiInstrument = "church organ" \omit Staff.TimeSignature \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t \relative c' \repeat unfold 2 { << { c2 | f f f g | a4\(( g) a( bes)\) c2 \breathe \bar"||" a | bes a4( f) g2 g f1. \breathe \bar"||" \break } \\ { c2 | c d c d4( e) | f2 f e d | d f f e | f1. } >> } \relative c' { << { f4( a) | c2. d4 c( bes) a( g) | f( g a bes) c2 \breathe \bar"||" c, | f a g f | c1 \breathe \bar"||" \break c1 | f2 f f g | a4( g) a( bes) c2 \breathe \bar"||" a | bes a4( f) g2 g | f1. \bar"|." } \\ { f2 | e2. d4 e2 c | c( f) e c | c c bes a4( bes) | c1 c1 | c2 d c d4( e) | f2 f e d | d f f e | f1. } >> } } %%\new Lyrics \lyricsmode { put lyrics here if you insist } \new Staff { \clef bass \key f \major \set Staff.midiInstrument = "church organ" \omit Staff.TimeSignature \relative c' \repeat unfold 2 { << { g2 | a bes c bes | c f, g f | bes c d c4( bes) | a1. } \\ { e2 | f bes a g | f d c d | g, a bes c | f1. } >> } \relative c' { << { a2 | a2. f4 c'2 c4( bes) | a2( f) g e | f f d4( e) f2 | e1 f2( g) | a bes c bes | c f, g f | bes c4( a) c2 c4( bes) | a1. } \\ { d,2 | a2. bes4 c2 d4( e) | f2( d) c c4( bes) | a2 f bes d | c1 d2( e) | f bes a g | f d c d | g, a4( d) c2 c | <f f,>1. } >> } } >> >> \layout { indent = #0 } \midi { \tempo 2 = 80 }

Other versions

Two versions also exist by Henry Walford Davies, called "Wengen", or "Christmas Carol".[6] "Wengen" was published in Hymns Ancient and Modern in 1922,[7] meanwhile "Christmas Carol" is usually performed only by choirs rather than as a congregational hymn. This is because the first two verses are for treble voices with organ accompaniment, with only the final verse as a chorale/refrain harmony. This setting includes a recitative from the Gospel of Luke at the beginning, and cuts verses 2 and 4 of the original 5-verse carol. This version is often performed at the service of Nine Lessons and Carols in King's College, Cambridge.[8]

William Rhys-Herbert included a new hymn-tune and harmonization as part of his 1909 cantata, Bethany.

The song has been included in many of the Christmas albums recorded by numerous singers in the modern era.

"

CCM artist Amy Grant, released on her 1983 Christmas album.[9]
A new tune for O little Town of Bethlehem called "Enmore" by the composer Philip Trumble was first published in 1987 [10] Philip Trumble's was also published in the 2022 publication Christmas Praise [11][12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Louis F. Benson, "O Little Town of Bethlehem". Studies Of Familiar Hymns, First Series (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. 1924), 11.
  2. ^ William Reed Huntington (ed.) The Church Porch: A Service Book and Hymnal for Sunday Schools (E. P. Dutton, 1882)
  3. ^ a b Vaughan Williams' Manuscript of "The Ploughboy's Dream" at the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library Full English collection, accessed 30 March 2014
  4. ISBN 978-1-85928-387-5
    p. 111
  5. ^ Mark Browse, "O Little Town", hymntunes.blogspot.co.uk, 12 July 2015
  6. ^ "Christmas Carol", Davies, Hyperion Records
  7. ^ Hymns Ancient and Modern (London: William Clowes and Sons, Ltd., 1922)
  8. ^ Order of Service Archived 2010-11-01 at the Wayback Machine, A Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols 1999, King's College Cambridge 1999.
  9. ^ Mayaab, Philips. "From Mainstream to CCM: Cliff Richard's Story". ccmclassic.com. New Hope Management. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  10. ^ CAROL PRAISE MARSHALL PICKERING ISBN 0-551-01452-0
  11. ^ "Praise!". www.praise.org.uk.
  12. ^ ISBN 9781739156305

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O_Little_Town_of_Bethlehem&oldid=1213247546"