Onamo, 'namo!
| Onamo 'namo! | |
|---|---|
| English | There, Over There! |
| Native name | Онамо, 'намо! |
| Genre | Patriotic song |
| Text | Nicholas I of Montenegro |
| Composed | Davorin Jenko or František Wimmer (disputed) |
Onamo 'namo! (
.The song's lyrics call for the liberation of Serb-inhabited lands from the Ottoman Empire, making reference to the medieval Serbian capital of Prizren, the Visoki Dečani monastery and the 14th-century Battle of Kosovo. Following its publication, it became popular among the Serb population of the Balkans, and came to be popularly referred to as the "Serbian Marseillaise". It was for a time considered a candidate to become the national anthem of both Serbia and Montenegro, but was rejected out of fear that its lyrics might provoke the Ottomans, and was later banned in both the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary for promoting pan-Serb sentiment. In 1870, the Montenegrin government opted for Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori ("To Our Beautiful Montenegro") as the country's national anthem, and in 1882, Serbia settled on Bože pravde ("God of Justice").
In 1918, Montenegro became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed Yugoslavia) and Nicholas was forced into exile. Onamo, 'namo! was proposed as the anthem of the nascent Republic of Montenegro in 1992, and after the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, as the national anthem of the newly formed state union. Following Montenegro's decision to leave the state union in 2006, Onamo, 'namo! was proposed as the newly independent country's national anthem. Due to its pan-Serb themes and the fact that Montenegro is not explicitly mentioned in its lyrics, the Montenegrin government instead decided to adopt Oj, svijetla majska zoro ("Oh, Beautiful Dawn of May").
Composition and themes
The lyrics to Onamo, 'namo! were first published in 1867 in the
Onamo, 'namo! is a pan-Serb anthem whose lyrics call for the re-establishment of the medieval Serbian state, which had been consumed by the Ottoman Empire over the course of the 14th and 15th centuries.
- Locations and figures mentioned in the song
-
-
-
Jug Bogdan and the nine Jugović brothers
_-_by_Pudelek..jpg)
Legacy
Onamo, 'namo! cemented Nicholas' reputation as an accomplished poet among his subjects, as well as the Serb population of the Balkans more broadly.[11][c] "The people accepted this poem as their battle song," the historian Olga Zirojević writes, "as a call to liberate those Serbian people still under Turkish occupation, as a great national duty which had to be accomplished."[10] At the height of its popularity, it was widely referred to as the "Serbian Marseillaise".[9][d] Despite the widespread misconception that it once served as Montenegro's national anthem, this was never the case.[3] Two years before its publication, Danica had published the lyrics to several candidates for the Serbian national anthem, none of which were accepted by the Serbian government. Since the lyrics of Onamo 'namo! called for the separation of Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire, the Serbian authorities decided against adopting it for fear of provoking the Ottomans.[4] For similar reasons, the Montenegrin government was reluctant to officially adopt it as Montenegro's national anthem, and in 1870, instead selected Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori ("To Our Beautiful Montenegro").[3] In 1882, the Serbian government settled on Bože pravde ("God of Justice"). Nevertheless, Onamo, 'namo! became highly popular among the Serb population of the Balkans, and was sung on many official and unofficial occasions.[4] For this reason, it was banned in the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.[4]
In the early 20th century, a variation of the song titled Ovamo, 'vamo! (Here, o'er Here!) became popular among
Following Montenegro's decision to leave the state union after an
Lyrics
Source: Pavković & Kelen (2016, pp. 143–144)
| in Serbian Cyrillic: | in Serbian Latin: | in English: |
|---|---|---|
| Онамо, 'намо... за брда она, говоре да је разорен двор Онамо, 'намо... да виђу Призрен! Онамо, 'намо... са развалина Онамо, 'намо... за брда она Онамо, 'намо... за брда она, Онамо, 'намо... за брда она Онамо, 'намо... сабљи за стара Онамо, 'намо... за брда она |
Onamo, 'namo... za brda ona, govore da je razoren dvor Onamo, 'namo... da viđu Prizren! Onamo, 'namo... sa razvalina Onamo, 'namo... za brda ona Onamo, 'namo... za brda ona Onamo, 'namo... sablji za stara Onamo, 'namo... za brda ona |
There, over there... beyond those hills, Ruined lies, they say, my There, over there... I see Prizren! There, over there... from on top of the ruins There, over there... beyond those hills, There, over there... beyond those hills, There, over there... beyond those hills, Jug :"Come help me, children, come help me, sons, Avenge the old man – sacred is your task!" There, over there... for the ribs of the old man, There, over there... beyond those hills, |
Footnotes
- ^ It appeared on the front cover of the journal's thirty-first issue on 22 November [O.S. 10 November] 1867, and shortly thereafter, it made an appearance in the almanac Orlić ("Little Eagle"), which was published in Cetinje.[5]
- ^ In Montenegro, Wimmer's name was rendered "Franjo Vimer".[7]
- ^ The literary critic Bogdan Popović included Onamo, 'namo! in his 1911 book Antologija novije srpske lirike ("Anthology of Modern Serbian Lyric Poetry"). Citing the song, literary scholar Jovan Deretić described Nicholas as the literary heir to the Montenegrin prince-bishop and poet Petar II Petrović-Njegoš.[3]
- ^ In the late 19th century, the song became the unofficial anthem of the literary association known as Crnogorski Borac ("Montenegrin Warrior"), which was presided over by the Bosnian Serb writer Vasa Pelagić.[12] Writing in the early 20th century, the British anthropologist and travel writer Edith Durham described it as a "national song for the Serbian race".[11]
- ^ One opposition movement, the People's Party, had Onamo, 'namo! as its own anthem.[13]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1-47423-519-8.
- ISBN 978-1-85065-476-6.
- ^ OCLC 12936670.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85773-969-8.
- ^ Pavlović, Milivoje (15 January 2023). "Istorijat crnogorske himne". Politika (in Serbian). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- OCLC 906299044.
- ISBN 978-953-8281-08-2.
- ISBN 978-3-4764-1000-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-42987-669-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-9-63911-656-6.
- ^ OCLC 473823877.
- ISBN 978-1-5575-3465-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-53813-915-8.
- ^ Pavlovic 2008, p. 46
- ISBN 978-1-13458-363-8.
- ^ "Postojani "Hej Sloveni"". Večernje novosti (in Serbian). 4 January 2003. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Državne simbole odrediće stručnjaci?". Glas javnosti (in Serbian). 24 February 2003. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ a b Morrison 2018, p. 113