Orel Military District
| Orel Military District | |
|---|---|
| Active |
|
| Country | Military district |
| Headquarters | Orel |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
|
The Orel Military District (Russian: Орловский военный округ (ОрВО),
First formation
The Orel Military District was first formed along with other rear area military districts during the Russian Civil War on 31 March 1918, with headquarters at Orel. The district included
Second formation
On 28 July 1938, the district was reformed from the headquarters of the
On 2 October, German troops began Operation Typhoon, an offensive which aimed to capture Moscow. German tank troops quickly broke through Soviet lines and advanced deep into the Soviet rear. The 4th Panzer Division reached Orel on 3 October, surprising the military district's headquarters, which hastily left the city.[6] Tyurin, district chief of staff P.E. Glinsky, and district commissar N.E. Yefimov were held responsible for the abandonment of Orel, with Tyurin sentenced to seven years of imprisonment, and Glinsky and Yefimov to five years. However, all three were later pardoned, demoted, and sent back to the front.[7] The district headquarters was subsequently relocated to Yelets, Tambov, and Orenburg. With most of its territory under German occupation, the district was disbanded on 8 December and its remaining territory transferred to the Volga Military District.[3] The headquarters of the Orel Military District was used to form the headquarters of the South Ural Military District in Orenburg on 26 November.[1]
Third formation
The district was reformed on 21 August 1943, under the command of then-Major General
Commanders
The district's first formation was commanded by the following officers:[1]
- A. Ya. Semashko (May 1918–January 1919)
- A.D. Makarov (January 1919)
- Pyotr Shcherbakov (January 1919–January 1920)
- O.A. Skudre (January 1920–March 1921)
- Alexander Alexandrov (March–July 1921)
- O.A. Skudre (July 1921–March 1922)
The district's second formation was commanded by the following officers:[1]
- Mikhail Yefremov(July 1938–July 1940)
- Lieutenant General Fyodor Remezov (July 1940–19 June 1941)[5]
- Lieutenant General Pavel Kurochkin (19 June–July 1941)[5]
- Lieutenant General Alexander Tyurin (July–October 1941)
The district's third formation was commanded by the following officer:[1]
- Major General (promoted to Lieutenant General January 1944) Matvei Popov (August 1943–July 1945)
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ivanov 2002, p. 148.
- ^ Krivosheev, ed. 1997, p. 31n7.
- ^ a b c Dvoinykh, Kariaeva, Stegantsev, eds. 1991, pp. 185.
- ^ Glantz 2010, p. 58.
- ^ a b c Kuzelenkov 2005, p. 96.
- ^ Lopukhovsky 2013, p. 155.
- ^ Lopukhovsky 2013, p. 157.
- ^ Gorkin et al. 2001, p. 238.
Bibliography
- Dvoinykh, L.V.; Kariaeva, T.F.; Stegantsev, M.V., eds. (1991). Центральный государственный архив Советской армии [Central State Archive of the Soviet Army] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Minneapolis: Eastview Publications. ISBN 1-879944-02-2. Archived from the originalon 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
- Glantz, David M. (2010). Barbarossa Derailed: The German Advance to Smolensk, the Encirclement Battle, and the First and Second Soviet Counteroffensives, 10 July – 24 August 1941. Philadelphia: Casemate. ISBN 9781906033729.
- Gorkin, A.P.; et al. (2001). Военный энциклопедический словарь [Military Encyclopedic Dictionary] (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow: Ripol Klassik. ISBN 5-7905-0996-7.
- Ivanov, Sergei, ed. (2002). "Орловский военный округ" [Orel Military District]. Военная энциклопедия в 8 томах [Military Encyclopedia in 8 volumes] (in Russian). Vol. 6. Moscow: Voenizdat. ISBN 5-203-01873-1.
- Krivosheev, G.F., ed. (1997). Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 9781853672804.
- Kuzelenkov, V.N., ed. (2005). Командный и начальствующий состав Красной Армии в 1940-1941 гг [Commanders and command staff of the Red Army 1940–1941] (in Russian). Moscow/St. Petersburg: Letny sad. ISBN 5-94381-137-0.
- Lopukhovsky, Lev (2013). The Viaz'ma Catastrophe, 1941: The Red Army's Disastrous Stand against Operation Typhoon. Translated by Stuart Britton. Solihull: Helion. ISBN 9781908916501.