Ormonde Winter
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Sir Ormonde de l'Épée Winter | |
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Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order |
Early years
Winter was born in Chiswick on 15 January 1875, the youngest of five sons of a controller of the General Post Office. He was educated at Churchbury House, Great Morden, and later at Cheltenham College, before joining the British Army.
Service
Winter was a
First World War
Winter first saw action as an artillery officer during the Gallipoli campaign, arriving on W beach, Lancashire Landing, on 29 April 1915 after surviving an attack on his transport, the SS Monitor, from an Ottoman torpedo boat before arriving at the front. In his autobiography, he recalls turning back a fleeing gun crew at revolver point on 1 May, helping to save a battalion of Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers from annihilation. Although not a trained intelligence officer, he was noted for his skilful questioning of Turkish prisoners. He would later be put in charge of a 12 pounder field gun nicknamed 'Wandering Kate' and would be evacuated on 8 December. Winter later remarked that he enjoyed every minute of his service at Gallipoli. He would later be deployed to the
Intelligence work in Ireland
Appointment
After the First World War, Winter was working for the Boundary Commission for Schleswig-Holstein when he was appointed in May 1920 by the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, to replace his friend General Tudor as Chief of Intelligence in Dublin Castle, taking a pay cut to accept the position.[2] Winter originally was housed in a lodge outside Dublin Castle and remarked on his unconventional introduction to Ireland when his mess steward shot himself on his first night.[3] Even given Winter's lack of experience in the espionage field, 'O' impressed at the time with his initial reorganisation of heavily centralised departments. Mark Grant-Sturgis wrote of the Dublin Castle regime; "'O' is a marvel, he looks like a wicked little white snake, is as clever as paint, probably entirely non-moral, a first class horseman, a card genius, knows several languages, is a super sleuth and a most amazing original, he can do anything".[4][5] Winter's detractors claimed him to be obsessed with cloak and dagger operations, at one point donning a disguise to personally seize part of IRA funds. Leadership within the British Army were said to be initially unimpressed by Winter and later exasperated by his slowness in building a nationwide organisation, inability to set up a single intelligence system and by his lack of "an overall perspective."[6]
In his final report to the British Government, Winter listed the following as his main methods of intelligence gathering:
- Agents obtained by local police and through the agency of 'local centres'
- Agents recruited in England and sent to Ireland
- Dublin Special Branch
- Persons friendly to the Police volunteering information
- Those persons who gave information whilst under arrest or in prison, with a view to escaping the punishment of their crimes
- Captured documents
- Information from ordinary Police sources based on observation
- 'Moutons' (infiltrators) placed either in prisons or in detention cells with rebel prisoners
- Listening sets
- Interrogation of prisoners
- Censorship of letters of prisoners in jail
- Scotland House (the address to which anonymous letters were sent)[7]
Operations
In December 1920, Winter took charge of the 90-strong Dublin District Intelligence Service, known as the "
Amongst Winter's other ideas was 'The Raid Bureau', a 150-strong unit dedicated to analysing the vast amounts of paperwork generated by IRA leader Michael Collins. Collins' dedication to paperwork would to some degree compromise certain activities of the IRA, revealing arms supplies, financial records and even providing lists of IRA members and the identities of traitors within the police. Such documents were more valuable than any informer and could be presented in court as evidence which an informer would be unwilling to do.
From October 1920 to July 1921, 6,311 raids were launched capturing over 1,200 IRA documents, some consisting of over 200 pages and resulting in 1,745 arrests in the Dublin area alone.[15] Upon capturing the IRA's financial records, Winter noted that many contributors were his own Unionist friends, forced to pay protection money.
Another innovation was collecting photographs of IRA members netted as results of raids and the establishment of local centres across the country allowing an exchange of intelligence between areas. Winter claimed to have recruited at least three leading IRA members as informers and many others from lesser ranks.
The Truce
During the first months of 1921,
Later service
After his service in
In the 1920s, Winter joined the directorship of the burgeoning but badly managed
The organisation's director was Brigadier General
It was later rumoured that Winter was involved in plots to overthrow the Spanish colonial government in
He was honoured for his service with certificates that can be seen in his personal collection in the Imperial War Museum.[citation needed] He spoke five Slavic languages and was a chain smoker. He died peacefully in 1962 aged 87, his obituary reading that he feared neither God nor man.[22]
Cultural depictions
Works
- Winter's Tale, An Autobiography, Richards Press: London, 1955
References
- ^ "Remarkable river fatality". Gloucester Citizen. 12 July 1904.
- ^ A Winter's Tale p288
- ^ A Winter's Tale p289
- ^ (Sturgis papers)
- ^ Hopkinson The Last Days of Dublin Castle p40
- ISBN 019821863X.
- ^ P Hart (ed.), Narratives; British Intelligence in Ireland 1920–1921; The Final Reports.
- ISBN 978-1-84889-306-1p42
- ISBN 1-85918-201-1
- ISBN 978-1-84889-306-1p37
- ISBN 0-7509-4267-3
- ISBN 978-1-84383-656-8
- ^ A Winter's Tale p305-6
- ^ Peter Hart (ed.), Narratives; British Intelligence in Ireland 1920–1921; The Final Reports.
- ^ A Winter's Tale p304-5
- ^ A Winter's Tale p300
- ^ A Winter's Tale p332
- ^ A Winter's Tale p339-341
- ^ ^ "The Troubles". Claregalway Historical Society Sharing our historical & cultural heritage.
- ISBN 978-1-78475-204-0
- ISBN 978-1-84383-656-8p37
- ^ Havoc p258
- ^ "The Voice UK, Dancing with the Stars, Resistance - Top TV picks for tonight and tomorrow night". independent.
Bibliography
- Foy, Michael T : Michael Collins Intelligence War (Sutton Publishing 2006) : ISBN 978-0-7509-4267-6
- Family tree
- Centre for First World War Studies
- Overview of intelligence operations