Ottoman ironclad Iclaliye

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Iclaliye in the Golden Horn
Class overview
NameIclaliye class
Operators Ottoman Navy
Preceded byFeth-i Bülend class
Succeeded byMesudiye
History
Ottoman Empire
NameIclaliye
Namesake"Glorious"
BuilderStabilimento Tecnico Triestino
Laid downMay 1868
Launched1869
CommissionedFebruary 1871
Decommissioned1928
FateBroken up, 1928
General characteristics
TypeCentral battery ship
Displacement2,228 metric tons (2,193 long tons)
Length66 m (216 ft 6 in) (loa)
Beam12.8 m (42 ft)
Draft4.8 m (15 ft 9 in)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement
  • 16 officers
  • 132 enlisted men
Armament
  • 2 × 228 mm (9 in) Armstrong guns
  • 3 × 178 mm (7 in) Armstrong guns
Armor

Iclaliye ("Glorious") was a unique

Constantinople. She served in subsidiary roles, including as a training ship and a barracks ship, until 1928 when she was decommissioned and broken up
.

Design

In the early 1860s, the

Abdülaziz, who on 5 June 1867 demanded Egypt surrender all of the ironclads ordered from foreign shipyards. After lengthy negotiations, Egypt surrendered Iclaliye and the other Egyptian ironclads in exchange for the central government recognizing greater autonomy, transforming the Eyalet into the Khedivate of Egypt.[1] Iclaliye was a slightly enlarged version of the earlier Asar-i Şevket-class ironclads that had been built in France, carrying a slightly more powerful armament.[2]

Characteristics

Iclaliye was 63.6 m (208 ft 8 in)

BOM. She had a crew of 16 officers and 132 enlisted men as completed, and her enlisted crew increased to 180 by 1891.[3][4]

The ship was powered by a single horizontal

sea trials, though by 1877 she was only capable of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Decades of poor maintenance had reduced both ships' speed to 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) by 1896. Iclaliye carried 250 t (250 long tons; 280 short tons) of coal. A supplementary sailing rig with two masts was also fitted.[3][4]

Iclaliye was armed with a battery of two 228 mm (9 in)

Hotchkiss revolver cannon, and two 25.4 mm (1 in) Nordenfelt guns. By 1905, the 150 mm gun and the 63.7 mm weapons were removed.[3][4]

The ship was protected with wrought iron armor plate. She had a complete armored belt at the waterline, which extended 2 meters (6 ft 6 in) above the waterline and 2 meters (6 ft) below. The portion above water was 152 millimeters (6 in) thick, while the portion below was 114 millimeters (4.5 in) thick. The casemate battery was protected with 114 mm of iron, with 102 millimeters (4 in) transverse bulkheads on either end. Her barbette mounting was protected by 127 millimeters (5 in) of iron.[3][4]

Service history

Iclaliye, meaning "Glorious",

launched the following year. On 25 January 1871, Iclaliye began sea trials, and she was ready to be commissioned the following month.[1] Early in the ship's career, the Ottoman ironclad fleet was activated every summer for short cruises from the Golden Horn to the Bosporus to ensure their propulsion systems were in operable condition.[6]

Russo-Turkish War

The Ottoman fleet began mobilizing in September 1876 to prepare for a conflict with Russia, as tensions with the country had been growing for several years,

Hobart Pasha, was vastly superior to the Russian Black Sea Fleet; the only ironclads the Russians possessed there were Vitse-admiral Popov and Novgorod, circular vessels that had proved to be useless in service. The presence of the fleet did force the Russians to keep two corps in reserve for coastal defense, but the Ottoman high command failed to make use of its naval superiority in a more meaningful way, particularly to hinder the Russian advance into the Balkans. Hobart Pasha took the fleet to the eastern Black Sea, where he was able to make a more aggressive use of it to support the Ottoman forces battling the Russians in the Caucasus. The fleet bombarded Poti and assisted in the defense of Batumi.[9]

On 14 May 1877, an Ottoman squadron consisting of Iclaliye and the ironclads

Constantinople in 1879.[13]

Later career

The annual summer cruises to the Bosporus ended after the Russo-Turkish War. By the early-1880s, the Ottoman ironclad fleet was in poor condition, and Iclaliye was unable to go to sea. Many of the ships' engines were unusable, having seized up from rust, and their hulls]] were badly

naval attache to the Ottoman Empire at the time estimated that the Imperial Arsenal would take six months to get just five of the ironclads ready to go to sea. Throughout this period, the ship's crew was limited to about one-third the normal figure. In 1883, Iclaliye was sent to Crete to guard the island. She remained there for three years before returning to the Golden Horn in January 1886.[14]

The ship was refitted by the Imperial Arsenal in 1891. At the start of the

AG Vulcan, were to rebuild the ships, but after having surveyed the ships, withdrew from the project in December 1897 owing to the impracticality of modernizing the ships and the inability of the Ottoman government to pay for the work. By 1900, the contracts were finally awarded, but Iclaliye was not included in the program.[17]

In 1904, the ship's barbette was removed and she was placed in the reserve fleet later that year. During the Italo-Turkish War, Iclaliye was stationed in the Golden Horn. On 30 October 1912, during the First Balkan War, Iclaliye was reactivated to stop the Bulgarian advance against the Ottoman defenders at Çatalca. She was joined by the ironclad Necm-i Şevket; both vessels had to be towed into place, and they remained in their firing positions for only a few days.[18][19] The two ships, joined by the pre-dreadnought battleships Barbaros Hayreddin and Torgud Reis and the modernized ironclads Mesudiye and Asar-i Tevfik, were towed to Büyükçekmece, where they remained from 15 to 20 November, though they made little contact with Bulgarian forces. From February 1914, the ship served as an accommodation hulk for the Naval High School at Heybeliada. She became a stationary training ship for naval cadets in February 1919, based in Constantinople. She returned to barracks ship duties in 1923 and was stationed at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard. She was decommissioned in 1928 and broken up in Gölcük.[20]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 3, 139.
  2. ^ Lyon, pp. 389–390.
  3. ^ a b c d Lyon, p. 390.
  4. ^ a b c d Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 138.
  5. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 198.
  6. ^ Sturton, p. 138.
  7. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 5, 194.
  8. ^ Greene & Massignani, p. 358.
  9. ^ Barry, pp. 97–102, 114–115, 190.
  10. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 6.
  11. ^ Greene & Massignani, pp. 360–362.
  12. ^ Stem, p. 20.
  13. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 139.
  14. ^ Sturton, pp. 138, 144.
  15. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 8, 139.
  16. ^ Lyon, p. 387.
  17. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 9–10.
  18. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 20, 25, 139, 195.
  19. ^ Sondhaus, p. 219.
  20. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 25, 139.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_ironclad_Iclaliye&oldid=1212889911"