Pa-O National Liberation Army
Pa-O National Liberation Army | |
---|---|
ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻလွစ်ထန်ႏရေꩻတပ်မတောႏ | |
Leaders | |
Military leader |
|
Dates of operation | Modern: 2009 Post-independence: 1949 –1976 | –present
Headquarters | Camp Laybwer, Shan State Progress Party (2024-present) (2024-present)People's Defence Force (2024-present) Karenni Nationalities Defence Force |
Opponents | State opponents:
Union of Myanmar (until 2011) Pa-O National Organization
Restoration Council of Shan State[5]
|
Battles and wars | Internal conflict in Myanmar
|
The Pa-O National Liberation Army (
The PNLA signed a "Five-Point State-Level Agreement"[7] and an "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement"[8] with the government of Myanmar on 25 August 2012.
History
From 7–9 December 2009, a Pa-O National Conference was held in the
The first PNLO/A congress was held at Laybwer military camp on 16 May 2013, and concluded on 20 May 2013. New central committee members were elected, and Khun Myint Tun was appointed the new chairman. Previous chairmen Khun Okker and Khun Ti Soung have since become patrons.[2]
On 22 January 2024, clashes between the Myanmar military regime and the PNLO/A broke out in Sam Hpu village in Hopong Township.[9]
On 24 January 2024, the PNLA, local
On 26 January 2024, the PNLO formally revoked their participation in the
Operational areas
The PNLA operates primarily in the
Ceasefire agreements
On 25 August 2012, the government and PNLA agreed on a "Five-Point State-Level Agreement"[7] and an "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement".[8]
The state level peacemaking groups and the PNLA agreed with the following five points:[7]
- 1. Both sides are to cease attacks from 25 August 2012 onwards.
- 2. Both sides are to remain in their own respective designated areas, which are the territory they currently occupy.
- 3. Both sides are to not distribute arms or materiel to groups outside their designated areas.
- 4. Unarmed liaison offices are to be established for both sides at Taunggyi, Hsihseng and Maukmai (mutually agreed on by both sides).
- 5. Official Pa-O representative groups are to be created to hold talks with state level peacemaking groups, and to start further union level peace talks during a period of three months beginning on 25 August 2012.
The Union Peacemaking Work Committee and the PNLA agreed with the following eight points:[8]
- 1. To further discuss on ceasefires and how to strengthen and further develop them.
- 2. To coordinate on matters related to code of conduct and discipline amongst officials.
- 3. To provide assistance by the Union Peacemaking Work Committee for running liaison offices.
- 4. To continue to provide the locations of PNLO/PNLA troops to the government.
- 5. To cooperate in the fight against narcotics (illicit drugs).
- 6. To coordinate on matters related to media.
- 7. To coordinate on matters related to food, clothing and shelter of soldiers.
- 8. To coordinate on matters related to public security and basic agriculture.
References
- ^ "Myanmar Creates Team to Manage Donor Funds For Peace Efforts". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d e "PNLO". Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
- ^ "PNLO/PNLA". ISP Myanmar Peace Desk (in Burmese).
- ^ "Rocky Start for New Bloc of Myanmar EAOs Formed to Join Junta Peace Talks". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ "Shan And Pa-O Armed Groups Clash In Langkhur District". Shan Herald Agency for News. 23 May 2023.
- ^ "Armed ethnic groups". Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
- ^ a b c "Five-Point State-Level Agreement with the Pa-O National Liberation Organization". Burma Partnership. New Light of Myanmar (original). 27 August 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
- ^ a b c "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement with the Pa-O National Liberation Organization". Burma Partnership. New Light of Myanmar (original). 27 August 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
- ^ Firefight Erupts as Myanmar Junta Troops Halt PNLO Arms Convoy in Shan State. Brian Wei. January 23, 2024. The Irrawaddy Archived January 24, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Myanmar Military Now at War With Ethnic Pa-O Army And Allies in Southern Shan State. Brian Wei. January 26, 2024. The Irrawaddy Archived January 26, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ethnic Pa-O Group Exits Myanmar Peace Talks, Formally Joins War Against Dictatorship. Yuzana. January 27, 2024. The Irrawaddy. Archived January 27, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-0-203-89519-1. Archivedfrom the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
- ^ Aung Naing (26 January 2024). "Pa-O, Karenni forces seize control of town in southern Shan State". Myanmar Now. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ Aung Naing (22 February 2024). "Myanmar army soldiers killed as fighting continues near Shan State capital". Myanmar Now. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ Yuzana (27 January 2024). "Ethnic Pa-O Group Exits Myanmar Peace Talks, Formally Joins War Against Dictatorship". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ "Shan And Pa-O Armed Groups Clash In Langkhur District". SHAN. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2024.