Panthéon de la Guerre

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Figure of Victory from the Temple to Glory above a doorway at Memory Hall, Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri, with the staircase of heroes to either side
Flag of the Czechoslovak Legion in the Pantheon de la Guerre.
Detail from the staircase of French heroes
Section showing allies, now at Memory Hall, Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri
Section showing allies, now at Memory Hall, Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri

The Panthéon de la Guerre was a monumental artwork painted in

First World War, a circular panorama 402 feet (123 m) in circumference and 45 feet (14 m) high. It has been described as the largest painting in the world.[1][2]

Description

The painting included full-length portraits of around 6,000 wartime figures from France and its allies.

The centrepiece was a "Temple to Glory", with portraits of French figures crowding on a staircase of heroes, topped by a gold statue of

French flag
on a plinth inscribed "Pro patria", and a single woman dressed in black weeping beside a wreath bearing the words "Aux héros ignorés" ("to the forgotten heroes")

National groups of figures from the allied nations lined the painting to either side, four Europeans allies (The United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy, Portugal) on one side and 19 others (including the US, Greece, Latin America, Serbia, Montenegro, Tsarist Russia, Romania and Japan) on the other. The figures were mostly men, but also some female nurses, nuns and spies, such as

goumiers (troops from Morocco), and veterans ("péperes"), and included a continuous topographical landscape depicting the battlefields of France and Belgium from the North Sea to Switzerland. A section comprising representatives from Asian nations - including men of Britain's Chinese Labour Corps employed behind the western front - was greatly reduced to make way for by American figures when the US entered the war.[3]

While Czechoslovakia did not exist before World War I, during the war the Czechoslovak Legion recruited men to fight with the Allies on three fronts: France, Italy and Russia. The Czechoslovak Legion in Russia was composed mostly of POWs from the Austro-Hungarian Army. On the far right of the main panel of the painting the last flag shown is of the Czechoslovak Legion. The Legion's flag generally consisted of a white bar over a red bar with coats of arms of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia in the corners and a crown with garlands in the center or the initials "C S" intertwined as seen here in the detail from the painting and photo of the Legion in France posing with their flag. This stylized "C S" symbol was used extensively throughout Czechoslovakia during the first republic 1918 - 1939.[4]

History in Paris

Work on the painting began in September 1914, after the Battle of the Marne, coordinated by French artists Pierre Carrier-Belleuse and Auguste François-Marie Gorguet, with contributions from around 130 artists. The work was undertaken as a private commercial venture, with state support.[5]

The completed painting was displayed in Paris in a specially built building next to the

Hôtel des Invalides, and inaugurated by the French President Raymond Poincaré in October 1918.[6][7] Visitors approached along dark corridors to a central viewing platform. It was visited by 3 million people between 1918 and 1927.[8]

Display in US

The painting was acquired by US businessmen in 1927 and exported to New York, where it was displayed at Madison Square Garden. It was seen there by one million visitors in 8 weeks.[9] Some small changes were made to make the work more attractive to a US audience: Colonel Edward M. House (by then a politician) was painted out and replaced by the US ambassador to France, Myron T. Herrick; an African-American soldier was also added.[10]

The work went on a tour of the United States, displayed at the

Cleveland, Ohio in 1936-37, and the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco in 1940.[11] It went into storage in 1940, and was acquired by restaurant entrepreneur William Haussner for $3,400.[12][13]

Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri

Haussner donated the work to

Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (a First World War veteran, and Missouri native). Colonel House was added back, and MacMorris also added portraits of Carrier-Belleuse and Gorguet. The bouquet of flowers previously painted in at the feet of Edith Cavell was placed in front of Woodrow Wilson
. The lone surviving Chinese labourer was also painted out.

Other fragments of the original painting have survived. Two 10 × 16 feet (3.0 × 4.9 m) fragments were displayed in Haussner's Restaurant in Baltimore until 1999, and were then sold. The building that housed the work in Paris was destroyed in 1960.

See also

References

  1. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  2. ^ "Panthéon de la guerre; panorama of the world war and its heroes, the largest painting in the world, 402 feet long--45 feet high, painted by twenty-eight famous French artists, assisted by more than one hundred other artists under the direction of Pierre Carrier-Belleuse and Auguste-Francois Gorguet and containing six thousand life-size portraits of world war heroes and leaders representing all the allied nations ... with a correct landscape of the battlefields of France and Belgium as they appeared in 1914-1918, reproduced in full color with complete descriptive text ..." www.loc.gov. 1932. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  3. ^ LIFE. Time Inc. 1953-08-10.
  4. ISBN 9780415280549
    .
  5. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  6. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  7. ^ "Pantheon de la guerre, 1918". www.loc.gov. Gorguet, Auguste-François-Marie, 1862-1927., Carrier-Belleuse, Pierre, 1851-1932. 1918. Retrieved 2018-10-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  9. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  10. ^ "Century of Progress Exposition -- Pantheon de la Guerre". 2015-03-08. Archived from the original on 2015-03-08. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  11. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  12. ^ "100-year history of WWI's biggest painting". CNN Style. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  13. ^ "Panthéon de la Guerre". National WWI Museum and Memorial. 2013-03-06. Retrieved 2018-10-25.

Further reading

External links

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