Parabrahma Upanishad
Parabrahma Upanishad | ||
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Veda Atharvaveda[3] | | |
Chapters | 3[4] |
The Parabrahma Upanishad (
The Parabrahma Upanishad primarily describes the tradition of the sacred thread and topknot hair tuft worn by housesholders and why both are abandoned by
Renunciation path is same for all
People consider the use of many paths, because they are suitable for returning to
Hamsais his topknot, the syllable Om is his sacrificial string, (...)
The text is notable for its repeated and extended discussion of why Sannyasis renounce topknot and sacred thread they wear as householders.[12] Their hair tuft and thread is no longer external, but internal, states the text, in the form of knowledge and their awareness of Atman-Brahman that threads the universe into unified oneness.[12]
The Parabrahma Upanishad links
The true mendicant, the true seeker of liberation, asserts the text, abandons these external symbols, and focuses on meditating upon and understanding the nature of his soul, ultimate reality and consciousness within the heart.[11] He is a knower of the Veda, of good conduct, the threads of his string are true (tattva) principles, and he wears knowledge within.[9] He pays no heed to external rites, he devotes himself to inner knowledge for liberation with Om and Hamsa (Atman-Brahman).[9][15]
The first chapter of the Parabrahma Upanishad is identical to the first chapter of more ancient Brahma Upanishad.
The composition date or author of Parabrahma Upanishad is not known, but other than chapter 1 it borrows from Brahma Upanishad, the rest of the text is likely a late medieval era text.[19] Olivelle and Sprockhoff suggest it to be 14th- or 15th-century text.[1][20]
Manuscripts of this text have been sometimes titled as Parabrahmopanishad.
See also
References
- ^ a b Olivelle 1992, pp. 8–9.
- ^ a b Olivelle 1992, pp. x–xi, 5.
- ^ a b Tinoco 1996, p. 89.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, pp. 266–272.
- ^ a b Deussen 1997, pp. 556–557.
- ^ Tinoco 1996, pp. 86–89.
- ^ a b Olivelle 1992, pp. 92, 270–271.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, pp. 92, 266–268, 270.
- ^ a b c d e f Hattangadi 2000.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, pp. 8–9, 92.
- ^ a b c Olivelle 1992, pp. 269–270.
- ^ a b Olivelle 1992, pp. 266–267, 271.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, p. 267.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, p. 269 with footnote 13.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, pp. 270–271.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, p. 266.
- ^ Deussen 1997, p. 725 with footnote 2.
- ^ Deussen 1997, p. 557 with footnote 10.
- ^ Olivelle 1992, pp. 5, 7–8, 278=280.
- ^ Sprockhoff 1976.
- ^ Vedic Literature, Volume 1, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, p. PA451, at Google Books, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras, India, pages 451-452
- Bibliography
- Deussen, Paul (1 January 1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1467-7.
- Deussen, Paul (2010). The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Oxford University Press (Reprinted by Cosimo). ISBN 978-1-61640-239-6.
- Hattangadi, Sunder (2000). "परब्रह्मोपनिषत् (Parabrahma Upanishad)" (PDF) (in Sanskrit). Retrieved 19 January 2016.
- Olivelle, Patrick (1992). The Samnyasa Upanisads. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195070453.
- Olivelle, Patrick (1993). The Asrama System. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195083279.
- Sprockhoff, Joachim F (1976). Samnyasa: Quellenstudien zur Askese im Hinduismus (in German). Wiesbaden: Kommissionsverlag Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3515019057.
- Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). Upanishads. IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0040-2.