Pavement dwellers
Pavement dwellers refers to informal housing built on the footpaths/pavements of city streets. The structures use the walls or fences which separate properties from the pavement and street outside. Materials include cloth, corrugated iron, cardboard, wood, plastic, and sometimes also bricks or cement.[1]
Mumbai
According to Sheela Patel of the Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers (SPARC), pavement dwellers are primarily first generation migrants who moved to Mumbai as early as the 1940s, and who have lived on the pavement of public roadways ever since.[2] They are completely invisible as far as local, state, and national policies are concerned.[3] People who sleep on or near pavements often pay to keep their belongings in shops, kiosks, or other buildings.[4]
SPARC conducted a study in 1985 called
1985 eviction crisis
In 1985, the
South Africa
The
Paris
Following the eviction of the Calais Jungle in 2016, African migrants began living on the pavements of Paris. The encampments would grow over a period of weeks and the police would evict them.[8]
References
- ^ Sundar Burra & Liz Riley (1999). "Electricity to pavement dwellers in Mumbai" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2016.
- ^ "We, the Invisible: A Census of Pavement Dwellers" (PDF). SPARC. 1985. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
- S2CID 153522987.
- ISBN 978-1-4411-3860-6.
- ^ Development Gateway Foundation: Urban Development: Empowering Slum Dwellers: Interview with Sheela Patel Archived 28 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine, 7 September 2004
- ^ University College London: Department for International Development: Urban Government: Capacity Building: SPARC: Demolitions to Dialogue: Mahila Milan - learning to talk to its city and municipality
- ^ "CT to evict pavement dwellers". News 24. 19 October 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ Nossiter, Adam (3 November 2016). "Paris Is the New Calais, With Scores of Migrants Arriving Daily". New York Times. Retrieved 25 May 2019.