Pentewan

Coordinates: 50°17′31″N 4°46′59″W / 50.292°N 4.783°W / 50.292; -4.783
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Pentewan
Pentewan is located in Cornwall
Pentewan
Pentewan
Location within Cornwall
OS grid referenceSX 019 472
Civil parish
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townST AUSTELL
Postcode districtPL26
Dialling code01726
PoliceDevon and Cornwall
FireCornwall
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall
50°17′31″N 4°46′59″W / 50.292°N 4.783°W / 50.292; -4.783
Pentewan Harbour

Pentewan (Cornish: Bentewyn, meaning foot of the radiant stream) is a coastal village and former port in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at grid reference SX 019 472 3 miles (4.8 km) south of St Austell at the mouth of the St Austell River. [1]

Pentewan is in the civil parish of Pentewan Valley and the ecclesiastical parish of St Austell.

Pentewan lies within the

Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
(AONB).

Village and harbour

The village and its harbour date back to medieval times, when Pentewan was mainly a fishing community, with some stone-quarrying, tin-streaming, and agriculture.

china clay port. At its peak, Pentewan shipped a third of Cornwall's china clay, but continual problems with silting (caused by tin and clay mining) and the rise of the rival ports of Charlestown and Par Docks meant that Pentewan's status as a port lasted for little more than a century. The last trading ship left in 1940. After that, the harbour entrance gradually silted up, though it was still possible for small boats to enter the harbour in the 1960s. Now, although the water-filled basin remains, Pentewan harbour is entirely cut off from the sea.[2]

Tramway and railway

In 1829, Sir Christopher Hawkins made further improvements by linking the harbour to St Austell by means of a horse-drawn

cycle path.[4]

Mines and quarries

Pentewan stone

Pentewan Quarry was the source of a fine building stone, a variety of elvan. Many medieval churches in Cornwall, including those at Botusfleming, Duloe, Fowey, Golant, Gorran, Lostwithiel, Mevagissey, St Austell, and St Columb Major, were wholly or partly constructed out of the stone,[5] as were some later buildings such as the eighteenth century Antony House. In 1985 blocks of Pentewan stone were recovered from the beach near the quarry to restore St Austell church.[6]

Tin mining

'Happy-Union', a stream work for

bishop of the same name) invested his capital into these workings but the speculation proved to be ruinous when the investment was lost following a sea flood. The Happy-Union closed in 1837, Wheal Virgin around 1874.[2]

History

The Domesday Book and the Manor of Pentewan

Pentewan was originally known as 'Lower Pentewan', 'Higher Pentewan' being a separate and earlier settlement to the south-west of the village, centred on Barton Farm.

Heligan.[8]

Natural History of Pentewan

Pentewan was likely once visited by[9] gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) as 2 of the 7 European gray whale fossils were found here.[10][11] The gray whale prefers shallow seas and the shallow seas over the continental shelf of the South Western Approaches is one of the widest in north-western Europe. The first gray whale to be seen in the Atlantic in centuries was sighted in 2010. The Northwest Passage was then ice-free[12] and so apparently a gray whale from the Pacific Ocean made it to Europe.[13] More whales are likely to follow.[14] In 2005 it was proposed to reintroduce them to Pentewan,[15][16] which would likely attract throngs of tourists to the beaches.

The submerged forests of Pentewan are another interesting part of its past natural history.[17] This forest was submerged so quickly that oysters are now found fastened to its tree stumps.

Second World War

A pill box was erected in the harbour and the beach mined as part of the dragon's teeth anti-tank defences.[2] Bombs fell near Pentewan in 1941[18] and an air raid on the port in August 1942 destroyed the Methodist chapel[19] and damaged several houses.[20]

The village today

Pentewan Sands

Since 1945, Pentewan has been dominated by the large 'Pentewan Sands' caravan and camping site that covers much of the beach to the west. The village itself contains the Ship Inn (owned by the St Austell Brewery), a post office, and several shops. Pentewan Board School, designed and built in 1877/78 by Silvanus Trevail, is now a restaurant.[21] Many of the older buildings, as well as the harbour, are constructed out of Pentewan stone. Some – including All Saints Church, completed in 1821 – were built by Sir Christopher Hawkins as part of his long campaign to improve the village.[2] A former village pub was named The Hawkins Arms, but has now been converted to a guest house called 'Piskey Cove'. Tourism is the only substantial industry remaining in the village. Session guitarist Tim Renwick is a Pentewan resident.

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-319-23149-4
  2. ^ a b c d e "Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative | Historic Cornwall" (PDF). 11 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Pentewan Railway 2 Information and Photographs". Aditnow.co.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  4. ^ "The Clay Trails of Cornwall". Claytrails.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  5. ^ Cox, J. Charles (1912) Cornwall (County Churches). London: G. Allen & Company, p. 10
  6. ISBN 0-7506-3898-2
    ; p. 53
  7. ^ Colenso, J. W. (1828) "A description of the Happy-Union tin stream work at Pentuan", in: Trans. Royal Geological Soc. Cornwall; no. 3 & 4, pp. 29–39
  8. Hitchins, F.
    (1824) The History of Cornwall, p. 474
  9. ISBN 9780444417343
    .
  10. ISBN 9780080923727
    .
  11. ^ Van Deinse, A.B.; Junge, G. C. A. (1936). "Recent and older finds of the California grey whale in the Atlantic". Temminckia. 2: 161–188.
  12. ^ McGarrity and Henning Gloystein, John (27 September 2013). "Big freighter traverses Northwest Passage for 1st time". Reuters.
  13. S2CID 43914291
    .
  14. PMID 21937490
    .
  15. doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00035-5
    .
  16. ^ Hooper, Rowan (18 July 2005). "US whales may be brought to UK". BBC News. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  17. ^ French, C.N. (1999). "The 'Submerged Forest' palaeosols of Cornwall" (PDF). Geoscience in South-west England. 9: 365–369. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  18. ^ "WW2 People's War – "When Bombs Fell" – The air-raids on Cornwall during WW2 : Part 4 – 1941 May to August". BBC. 7 January 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  19. ^ "WW2 People's War – A childhood in Pentewan and the bombs seemed to follow me". BBC. 2 August 2005. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  20. ^ "WW2 People's War – "When Bombs Fell" – The air-raids on Cornwall during WW2 : Part 6 – 1942 (complete year)". BBC. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  21. ^ Malcolm Surl. "Schools designed by Silvanus Trevail". Luxsoft.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2011.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pentewan.
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