Philip Selznick

Philip Selznick (January 8, 1919 – June 12, 2010) was professor of sociology and law at the University of California, Berkeley.^[1] A noted author in organizational theory, sociology of law and public administration, Selznick's work was groundbreaking in several fields in such books as The Moral Commonwealth, TVA and the Grass Roots, and Leadership in Administration.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Selznick earned a bachelor's degree from City College in 1938.^[2] He received his PhD in sociology in 1947 from Columbia University.^[1] He was on the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, between 1952 and 1984, initially with the Department of Sociology and later with the School of Law as well.^[1]

Major contributions

Selznick was a major proponent of the neo-classical organizational theory movement starting in the 1930s.^[3] One of his most influential papers, entitled "Foundations of the Theory of Organization" (1948),^[4] laid out his major contributions to organization theory.

Individuals as independent agents

In simplified form, Selznick postulated that individuals within organizations can hold dichotomous goal-sets, which makes it difficult for organizations and employees to have the same implicit, rational objectives (as theorized in classical organization movement which was a precursor of Selznick's work).^[4]

Cooptation theory

Selznick's principle of cooptation is an important precursor to the later developments of organizational ecology and contingency theory.^[3][5]

Sociology of law

Selznick has been a major contributor to the sociology of law,^[6] developing his ideas on legal institutions and their problems and possibilities of responsiveness to their constituencies, from his earlier work on the sociology of formal organizations.

Theories of mass society

Selznick was first – anticipating Daniel Bell, Edward Shils, Talcott Parsons, William Kornhauser, and a host of American social scientists – to attack the then prevailing theory of mass society. His approach argued instead that there were two analytically distinct theoretical approaches to mass society:

• there were those who were critics of
  equalitarianism or who emphasized the role of creative and culture-bearing elites
  ;
• but there were also those who emphasized
  mass organizations
  .

• Selznick, Philip (1943). "An Approach to a Theory of Bureaucracy". American Sociological Review. 8 (1): 47–54.
  JSTOR 2085448
  .
• Selznick, Philip (1948). "Foundations of the Theory of Organization". American Sociological Review. 13 (1): 25–35.
  JSTOR 2086752
  .
• Selznick, Philip (1949). TVA and the Grass Roots: a Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  OCLC 2293803
  .
• Selznick, Philip (1957). Leadership in Administration: a Sociological Interpretation. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
  OCLC 4800611
  .
• Selznick, Philip (1960). The Organizational Weapon: a Study of Bolshevik Strategy and Tactics. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  OCLC 1558918
  .
• Selznick, Philip; Nonet, Philippe; Vollmer, Howard M. (1969). Law, Society, and Industrial Justice. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  OCLC 62067
  .
• Selznick, Philip (1992). The Moral Commonwealth: Social Theory and the Promise of Community. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  ISBN 0520052463
  .
• Selznick, Philip (1996). "Institutionalism 'Old' and 'New'". Administrative Science Quarterly. 41 (2): 270–277.
  JSTOR 2393719
  .
• Nonet, Philippe; Selznick, Philip (2001). Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  ISBN 0765806428
  .

Further reading

• JSTOR 1410779
  .
• Kagan, Robert A.; Krygier, Martin; Winston, Kenneth I., eds. (2002). Legality and Community: on the Intellectual Legacy of Philip Selznick. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  ISBN 0742516245
  .
• Krygier, Martin, Philip Selznick: Ideals in the World. Stanford University Press, 2012.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Philip Selznick.