Pineapplefish

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Pineapplefish
Cleidopus gloriamaris at Monaco Aquarium

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Trachichthyiformes
Family: Monocentridae
Genus: Cleidopus
De Vis, 1882
Species:
C. gloriamaris
Binomial name
Cleidopus gloriamaris
De Vis, 1882
Pineapplefish off Fly Point, New South Wales

The pineapplefish (Cleidopus gloriamaris) also known as the Mailfish is a species of fish in the family Monocentridae, and the sole member of the genus Cleidopus. It is also known as the knightfish or the coat-of-mail fish, due to the armor-like scales covering its body, and the port-and-starboard light fish, as it has a pair of bioluminescent organs that are reminiscent of navigation lights on ships.[2] Its specific epithet is from the Latin gloria and maris, meaning "glory of the sea".[3]

Distribution and habitat

The pineapplefish is native to coastal waters off

harbors.[5]

Description

Two pineapplefish at the Sydney Aquarium

The pineapplefish grows up to 22 cm (8.7 in) long.

pectoral fins 14–15 rays.[3][5]

The scales of the pineapplefish are yellow to whitish with black rear margins, forming the striking pattern that gives this fish its name. The lips, chin, and parts of the jaw are black. There is a red stripe on the lower jaw running to the photophore.[4] This species is very similar to the pinecone fishes of the genus Monocentris, and is placed within that genus by some authors. Cleidopus differs from Monocentris in having a narrow preorbital bone and in the position of its light organs, which are near the tip of the lower jaw in Monocentris.[6] This species also differs from the Japanese pineapplefish (Monocentris japonica) in having a more rounded snout.[7]

Biology and ecology

Due to its small fins and rigid armor, the pineapplefish is a weak swimmer.

Vibrio fischeri within its photophores.[10] V. fischeri are also found free-living in sea water and are naturally released from the pineapplefish's photophores. However, their luminescence dims within a matter of hours after being released.[11] This species has lived up to 10 years in captivity.[9]

Relationship to humans

The pineapplefish is moderately common in deep water, but due to its retiring nature, for some time after its initial discovery it was only known from specimens tossed ashore by storms.[4] This fish is sometimes collected by commercial trawlers, and is popular with saltwater fish aquarists.[2][8] It is fairly hardy, but must be provided with rocky hiding places and live food.[12]

The species is not targeted by any fisheries, but is often taken as bycatch by commercial trawlers.[13]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T123356757A123356792.en
    . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-87666-123-1
    .
  3. ^ a b c d Ogilby, J.D. (1900). "Contributions to Australian Ichthyology". The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales For the Year 1899. F. Cunninghame & Co.
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-356-10715-9
    .
  5. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Cleidopus gloriamaris" in FishBase. March 2009 version.
  6. ^
    ISBN 1-86872-890-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  7. ^ a b McGrouther, M. (November 2004) Pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris. Australian Museum Fish Site. Retrieved on March 13, 2009.
  8. ^
    ISBN 1-74045-739-0
    .
  9. ^ a b Harasti, D. Pineapple Fish (Cleidopus gloriamaris). The Underwater Photo Gallery - Dave Harasti. Retrieved on March 13, 2009.
  10. S2CID 33323783
    .
  11. S2CID 7804332.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  12. ^ "Pineapple fish - Cleidopus gloriamaris". Aquariums Life. Archived from the original on 2008-12-28. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  13. ^ Bray, Dianne. "Australian Pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris". Fishes of Australia. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
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