Plato's political philosophy
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In Plato's
Criticism of democracy
In the Republic, Plato's Socrates raises a number of
Ship of State
Plato, through the character of Socrates, gives an analogy related to democracy: he asks us to imagine a ship whose owner surpasses all those on the ship in height and strength, but is slightly deaf; his vision is similarly impaired and his knowledge of navigation is just as bad. He then asks us to imagine the sailors, all of whom are arguing about which of them should have control of the helm while none have studied navigation. The sailors don't even know that the craft of navigation existed. All of the sailors try to convince the owner to hand over control of the ship to them, and whichever convinces him becomes the navigator, representing a philosopher-king.[2]
The ideal form of governance
In the Republic, the character of Socrates outlines an ideal city-state which he calls '
Classes in ideal society
Plato lists three classes in his ideal society.
- Producers or Workers: The laborers who make the goods and services in society.
- Auxiliaries: Soldiers.
- Guardians/Soldiers: Those who keep order in the society and protect it from invaders. From them is chosen the Philosopher King/Queen.
Philosopher-kings/Guardians
Plato's ideal rulers are philosopher-kings. Not only are they the most wise, but they are also virtuous and selfless. To combat corruption, Plato's Socrates suggests that the rulers would live simply and communally. Contrary to societal values at the time, Socrates suggests that sex should not be a factor in deciding who should rule, so women as well as men can rule. Socrates proposes that the Guardians should mate and reproduce, and that the children will be raised communally rather than by their biological parents. The children's biological parents will never be known to them, so that no Guardian will prefer his or her own offspring over the common good. The children of the guardian class will be tested, and only the most wise and virtuous will become rulers.[3]
References
- ^ a b "Plato: Political Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- ^ "The Republic 488".
- Encyclopedia Britannica.