Pleasant J. Philips
Pleasant Jackson Philips | |
|---|---|
| Born | July 3, 1819 Brigadier General |
| Unit | 2nd BDE , Georgia Militia Division |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Utoy Creek, GA, Battle of Griswoldsville, GA; American Civil War |
Pleasant Jackson Philips (July 3, 1819 – October 12, 1876) was an American planter, banker, and soldier. He served as a
Early life and career
Pleasant J. Philips was born in 1819 in Georgia.[1] His surname is often recorded as 'Phillips' however his gravestone, his signature, and the dedication of a presentation sword to him all refer to 'Philips'.[2] He was a son of Charles Phillips, an American soldier from North Carolina (member of the Georgia House of Representatives in 1821 and 1822, the Georgia Senate in 1823 and Georgia Militia general from 1825 to 1828),[3] and his wife Anne Nicks. Pleasant Philips prospered as a plantation owner and slaveholder in Harris County,[4] as well as the Bank of Brunswick president.[2] He married Laura Osborne in Harris County, Georgia on November 19, 1838, according to the county's marriage records. By 1860 he had relocated to Columbus, and also was very active in the Georgia State Militia, reaching the rank of major by 1861.[4]
Civil War service
When the American Civil War began in 1861, Philips chose to follow his home state of Georgia and the Confederate cause. On November 18 he was elected colonel of the 31st Georgia Infantry, assuming command of the regiment on the following day. Philips was then ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where it spent that winter. During the reorganization of the Confederate Army in the spring of 1862, Philips was not re-elected and resigned his commission on May 13.[5] That same day Maj. Clement A. Evans was named colonel and replaced Philips in command of the 31st Georgia.[1]
After resigning Philips returned home to Columbus. On July 7, 1862, he was appointed a
Griswoldville
Following the 1864 surrender of Atlanta, Philips and his command returned to Georgia and the men were granted a 30-day
As soon as they came within range of our muskets, a most terrific fire was poured into their ranks, doing fearful execution ... still they moved forward, and came within 45 yards of our works. Here they attempted to reform their line, but so destructive was the fire that they were compelled to retire.[9]
The Confederates lost about 51 dead and 472 wounded plus around 600 missing, compared to less than 100 Union losses.[8] Prior to this fight Philips' commander, G.W. Smith, had ordered the militia not to engage the advancing Union soldiers, but Philips thought he had located an isolated and unsupported brigade and attacked, in clear disobedience of Smith's instructions. He received much criticism for his actions, and was rumored to be drunk at the crucial moment as well.[10] The spirited but futile attack by Philips has been described as "...while it reflects great credit upon the gallantry of the Confederate and State forces engaged, was unnecessary, unexpected and utterly unproductive of any good."[9] Following the action at Griswoldville, Philips resigned from the Confederate service in November.[1]
Postbellum career
After resigning Philips returned to Columbus, Georgia, and his banking career. He died at his home in
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c Eicher(2), p. 228.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-06-059867-9.
- ^ Smith, pp 331-332
- ^ a b c d e Allardice, p. 182.
- ^ Allardice, pp. 182-3. "In April, 1862, the Confederate Congress passed a conscription law which, among other features, automatically extended army enlistments to three years. Since the men in the 31st (and most regiments) had volunteered for only one year, the original regimental officer elections were voided and new officers elected."
- ^ Eicher, p. 428.
- ^ Allardice, pp. 182-3.
- ^ a b Eicher(1), pp. 765-6.
- ^ a b "Civil War Preservation Trust site description of the Battle of Griswoldville". civilwar.org. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ a b Allardice, p. 183.
References
- Allardice, Bruce S., More Generals in Gray, Louisiana State University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8071-3148-2.
- ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
- Eicher(2), John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- civilwar.org Civil War Preservation Trust site description of the Battle of Griswoldville.
- Smith, Gordon Burns, History of the Georgia Militia, 1783-1861, Volume One, Campaigns and Generals, Boyd Publishing, 2000.
Further reading
- Bragg, William H., "A Little Battle at Griswoldville", Civil War Times Illustrated, July 1979, pp 44–49.
- Scaife, William R., and Bragg, William H., Joe Brown's Pets: The Georgia Militia, 1862-1865, Mercer University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-86554-883-8.
External links
- civilwarinteractive.com Civil War Interactive site biography of Philips.
- Pleasant J. Philips at Find a Grave
- ourgeorgiahistory.com Our Georgia History site biography of Philips.
- usgennet.org USGenNet site history of Griswoldville, Georgia.
- nps.gov National Park Service description of the Battle of Griswoldville.
- nps.gov National Park Service description of the Battle of Utoy Creek, GA Aug 1–7, 1864.