Ponceau 4R
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Trisodium (8Z)-7-oxo-8-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonate
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.018.216 |
E number | E124 (colours) |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C20H11N2Na3O10S3 | |
Molar mass | 604.46 g·mol−1 |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ponceau 4R (known by more than 100 synonyms,
Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red
It is used in Europe, Asia, and Australia, but has not been approved for human consumption by the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Amflor_Amine_Floride_mouthwash.jpg/220px-Amflor_Amine_Floride_mouthwash.jpg)
Health effects
There is no evidence of carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or reproductive and developmental toxicity at the permitted dietary exposures; the European acceptable daily intake (ADI) is 0.7 mg/kg and the WHO/FAO ADI is 4 mg/kg.[1]: 460
The production process may result in unsulfonated aromatic amines present in concentrations of up to 100 mg/kg which may be linked to cancer. The lake pigment form of the colour additive can also increase the intake of aluminium beyond the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg/week. Therefore, the limit for aluminium may be adjusted to accommodate for this.[3]
Possible cause of hyperactivity
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of
The European regulatory community, with a stronger emphasis on the precautionary principle, required labelling and temporarily reduced the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the food colourings; the UK FSA called for voluntary withdrawal of the colourings by food manufacturers.[4][5] However, in 2009 the EFSA re-evaluated the data at hand and determined that "the available scientific evidence does not substantiate a link between the colour additives and behavioural effects".[3][4]
There is no evidence to support broad claims that food colouring causes
References
- ^ ISBN 9780123786135
- ^ a b c d e f g FDA. 9 November 2008. Food and Drug Administration Compliance Program Guidance Manual, Chapter 03 – Foodborne Biological Hazards p37
- ^ a b EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) 091113 efsa.europa.eu Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Ponceau 4R (E 124) as a food additive EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1328
- ^ a b c d e f g FDA. Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee: Certified Color Additives in Food and Possible Association with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: March 30-31, 2011
- ^ a b c Sarah Chapman of Chapman Technologies on behalf of Food Standards Agency in Scotland. March 2011 [Guidelines on approaches to the replacement of Tartrazine, Allura Red, Ponceau 4R, Quinoline Yellow, Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine in food and beverages]
- ISBN 9780123786135
- S2CID 14925322.