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Álvaro Cunhal

Álvaro Barreirinhas Cunhal, who used the name Álvaro Cunhal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈaɫvɐɾu kuˈɲaɫ]; Sé Nova, Coimbra, 10 November 1913 – Lisbon, 13 June 2005), was a Portuguese politician. He was one of the major opponents of the dictatorial regime of Estado Novo. He served as secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) from 1961 to 1992. He was one of the most pro-Soviet of all western Europe communist leaders, often supporting Soviet Union world policies, including the intervention in Czechoslovakia in 1968.

Cunhal was born in Coimbra, the third child of Avelino Henriques da Costa Cunhal (

Comintern in Moscow
. He joined the Central Committee of the PCP in 1936 at the age of 24. His first arrest occurred in 1937.