Premunition

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Premunity
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S2CID 208794141
.

Premunition, also known as infection-immunity, is a host response that protects against high numbers of

parasite and illness without eliminating the infection.[1] This type of immunity is relatively rapid, progressively acquired, short-lived, and partially effective.[2] For malaria, premunition is maintained by repeated antigen exposure from infective bites.[2] Thus, if an individual departs from an endemic area, he or she may lose premunition and become susceptible to malaria.[2]

Antibody action contributes to premunition.[3] However, premunition is probably much more complex than simple antibody and antigen interaction.[2] In the case of malaria, the sporozoite and merozoite stages of Plasmodium elicit the antibody response which leads to premunition.[3] Immunoglobulin E targets the parasites and leads to eosinophil degranulation which releases major basic protein that damages the parasites, and other factors elicit a local inflammatory response.[3] However, Plasmodium can change its surface antigens, so the development of an antibody repertoire that can recognize multiple surface antigens is important for premunition to be achieved.[4]

Premunition has not been well-studied, and although it likely occurs broadly, it is mainly emphasized for its role in malaria, tuberculosis, syphilis and relapsing fever.[5]

Premunization is the artificial induction of premunition.[6]

Premunity is progressive development of

immunity in individuals exposed to an infective agent,[7] mainly belonging to protozoa and Rickettsia, but not in viruses.[8] After the initial infection, which generally occurs in childhood, the effect in subsequent infections is diminished. Infections thereafter may exhibit little or no symptomatology in spite of parasitemia
. The next stage is resistance to infection altogether.

Loss of premunity is estimated to be the cause of the rebound of malaria[9] in 1965, in India after the dramatic success of the National Malaria Control Programme that was launched for rural India in 1953.

Premunity occurs in infections of babesiosis,[10][11] malaria[7][12] Onchocerca volvulus,[13] and Trichomonas.[14]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-07-160402-4
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-2-7420-0616-8
    . Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4051-3543-6
    . Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  4. ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3
    .
  5. PMID 1032677
    .
  6. ISBN 978-3-540-48994-8
    . Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Effects of impregnated bednets". Modelling group at the Department of Medical Biometry, University of Tübingen. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  8. ISBN 978-0-7923-3821-5
    .
  9. ^ "Reports of Expert Committees to the Interim Commission" (PDF). Official Records of the World Health Organisation No.8. April 1948.
  10. ISBN 978-1-84076-578-6
    .
  11. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01242.x
    .
  12. ISBN 978-3-662-00226-1
    .
  13. PMID 5303412
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-85390-043-6
    .

Further reading
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