Protected areas of Ukraine
Protected areas of Ukraine (
Ukraine has several categories of protected areas of Ukraine and the protected areas include:
- National Parks in Ukraine
- Biosphere reserves of Ukraine
- National Nature Parks of Ukraine
- Nature Preserves of Ukraine
- Ramsar sites in Ukraine
- Regional landscape parks of Ukraine
- Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine
- Nature monuments of Ukraine
- Protected tracts of Ukraine
- Habitat / Species Managed Areas of Ukraine
Designation and administration
There are two separate ministries that, together with the Cabinet of Ministers, administer the preservation of protected areas on the national scale. Local preservation is conducted through the regional State Administrations. The areas or landmarks that are designated as protected may carry either cultural or environmental value. Environmentally protected areas and objects in Ukraine are designed in the Nature Preservation Fund (PZF, "Природно-заповідний фонд України")
Since 2010, the governing body responsible for the organization, protection, and use of the Nature Preservation Fund has been the
Museums
Cultural preservation in Ukraine is conducted by the Ministry of Culture, as well as by individual museums, which may or not be state-owned.[3] Museums are generally regulated by a special law on museums, which differs from the statutes of the government agency Derzhkultspadshchyna;[4] however, museums that are part of a cultural preserve fall under the jurisdiction of the government and are supervised by Derzhkultspadshchyna. Individual museum objects or collections that are constantly kept on the territory of Ukraine, regardless of their origin and ownership, as well as museum objects or collections that are located outside of Ukraine and are property of Ukraine or subject to return there, according to international laws, are part of the Museum Fund of Ukraine. The Museum Fund of Ukraine may or not be part of state program for the preservation of the cultural heritage.
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
The preservation of the cultural heritage and natural environment in the
Nature preservation
History
The Main Directory of National Nature Parks and Nature Preservation, which supervised the protected areas of Ukraine, was created in 1995. In 2001 the Directory was reorganized into the State Service for Nature Preservation. Of all the different kinds of protected natural areas, the most important are considered to be nature preserves (
Categories of protected natural areas
The scope of protected natural areas in Ukraine encompasses land and water areas, nature complexes and objects that carry special nature-protecting, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value. Areas are designated protected in order to preserve the natural variety of landscapes and the gene pool of their fauna and flora; to support general ecological balance; and to provide background environmental monitoring. Under the laws of Ukraine, these areas are treated as a part of the national heritage, as well as an integral part of the global system of natural areas and objects that are under special protection.
Protected natural areas in Ukraine are divided into one of the following: natural areas and objects, which include nature preserves, biosphere preserves, national nature parks, regional landscape parks, nature reserves,
Nature reserves can have varying degrees of protection, according to their botanical, generally zoological, ornithological, entomological, ichthyological, hydrological, generally geological, paleontological, or karst-speleological features, or their landscape and forestry; natural monuments can be complex, botanical, zoological, hydrological, and geological.
Forms of property
The territories of nature preserves, biosphere preserves, and other natural resources given to the national nature parks are the property of the Ukrainian people. Regional landscape parks, certain zones of biosphere preserves (buffer, anthropogenic landscapes, regulated preservation regime), and other lands and natural resources of national nature parks, nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, and park architecture monuments may be the property of the Ukrainian people as well as any other forms of property provided by the legislation of Ukraine. Botanical gardens, arboreta, and zoological parks created before June 16, 1992 are not subject to privatization.
In the event of changes to the form of property on land where nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, and park architecture monuments are located, the landowners are required to ensure their continued protection and preservation.
Legal basis for protected designation
The objective, scientific profile, nature of operation, and protection regimen of protected natural areas are defined by laws set forth by the central body of executive power in the sphere of Environmental Protection. Nature preserves, biosphere preserves, national nature parks, botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks of statewide importance, as well as regional landscape parks are considered legal entities. Botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks of local importance and park architecture monuments may be recognized as legal entities in respect to the legislation of Ukraine.
Culture Preservation
Classification
There are three major classes for objects of cultural heritage.
- structures (creations) - individually standing compositions of architectural and engineering art, compositions of monumental sculpturing and monumental painting, archeological objects, caves with existing evidence of human activity (building or quarters in them that preserved an authentic evidence about prominent historical events, life and work of known individuals);
- complexes (ensembles) - unified or separate topographically defined set of objects of cultural heritage among each other;
- prominent sites (points of interest) - zones or landscapes, nature-anthropogenic creations that brought to our time a value from an archeological, aesthetic, ethnological, historical, architectural, creative, scientific, or artistic perspective. (See List of historic reserves in Ukraine)
There are following types of objects of cultural heritage:
- archeological
- historical
- of monumental art
- of architecture
- of urban development
- of park architecture
- landscape
- of science and technology
Forms of property
All monuments except monuments of archeology may be a property of state, community, or individual. All monuments of archeology including the ones that are underwater along with any movable objects related to them are a state property. Such movable objects are attributed to the state part of Museum Fund of Ukraine, and subject for registration and preservation in accordance with law.
Form of property on a treasury that is considered a monument (attraction) is defined by the Civil Codex of Ukraine.[5] In a document that certifies the form of property on a monument are indicated category of the monument, date and the number of decision for its state registration.
Lands where located monuments of archeology are property of state or withdrawn (sold) to state in the established by law order, excluding the land plots with the monument of archeology as fields of ancient battles.
Organization of objects of cultural heritage
In order to protect the traditional nature of the environment of populated places they recorded in the
Complex (ensemble) of monuments with its entire collection of components that carry cultural, historic, and scientific value, specially, planned, and functionally allocated within the structure of a populated settlement or localized outside of it, maybe declared a historic-cultural preserve of state or local importance. Historic-cultural preserved territory is declared a historically formed territory, within which remained significant number of objects of cultural heritage.
See also
- Categories of protected areas of Ukraine
- Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine
- Protected area
- State Registry of Fixed Landmarks of Ukraine
- List of historic reserves in Ukraine
- UNESCO protected areas in Ukraine
References
- ^ a b c d e Information on the State Service for Nature Preservation Archived 2010-08-31 at archive.today
- ^ Загальні відомості про Державну службу охорони національної культурної спадщини Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Law of Ukraine on museum and museum affairs
- ^ Про утворення Державної служби охорони культурної спадщини
- ^ Civil Codex of Ukraine
External links
- Statutes
- Law of Ukraine on nature-sanctuary fund of Ukraine
- Law of Ukraine on preservation of cultural heritage of Ukraine
- Law of Ukraine on protection of archeological heritage
- (in Ukrainian) List of historical populated sites of Ukraine
- (in Ukrainian) List of museums that carry museum collections and objects of state property
- Про затвердження Порядку визначення категорій пам’яток для занесення об’єктів культурної спадщини до Державного реєстру нерухомих пам’яток України
- Internet sites on information about the protected areas
- All-Ukrainian Museum Association
- Ukrainian center of cultural research
- Ukraine incognita, an amateur informational site on protected areas in Ukraine created by local geographical specialists and activists of the Center of Ecological Monitoring of Ukraine (CEMU)
- An amateur site on cultural monuments of Ukraine, two times winner of the best historical website dedicated to monuments
- Echo of Ages, Ukrainian Internet Portal on monuments preservation
- Botanic gardens and arboreta of Ukraine