Pulmonary regurgitation

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Pulmonary valve regurgitation
Other namesPulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary incompetence
Diagram of the human heart
SpecialtyCardiology
CausesPulmonary hypertension, Infective endocarditis[1]
Diagnostic methodEKG, Echocardiogram[2]
TreatmentDepends on cause[3](See cause)

Pulmonary (or pulmonic

medical sign of disease and warrants further investigation.[medical citation needed] If it is secondary to pulmonary hypertension it is referred to as a Graham Steell murmur.[7]

Signs and symptoms

Because pulmonic regurgitation is the result of other factors in the body, any noticeable symptoms are ultimately caused by an underlying medical condition rather than the regurgitation itself.

sternal border.[medical citation needed
]

Causes

Rheumatic heart disease

Among the causes of pulmonary insufficiency are:

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology is due to diastolic pressure variations between the

right ventricle, differences are often very small, but increase regurgitation. An elevation in pulmonary insufficiency due to elevated intrathoracic pressure is relevant in ventilated patients (having acute restrictive right ventricular physiology). The reasons for changes in stiffness of the right ventricle's walls are not well understood, but such stiffness is thought to increase with hypertrophy of the ventricle.[12]

Diagnosis

In the diagnosis of pulmonary regurgitation both echocardiograms and ECG is used to ascertain if the individual has this condition, as well as, the use of a chest X-ray to expose enlargement of the right atrium or ventricle.[2]

Treatment

In treating pulmonary regurgitation, it should be determined if pulmonary hypertension is causing the problem to therefore begin the most appropriate therapy as soon as possible (primary pulmonary hypertension or secondary pulmonary hypertension due to thromboembolism).[13] Furthermore, pulmonary regurgitation is generally treated by addressing the underlying condition,[3] in certain cases, the pulmonary valve may be surgically replaced.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7817-5175-9
    . Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Pulmonary Valve Disease. About Pulmonary valve disease | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-07144-010-3. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  4. ^ T. R. Harrison (ed.): Principles of Internal Medicine, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York / Toronto / London 1958, p. 1258.
  5. ^ "Pulmonary Insufficiency". FreeDictionary. Farlex. 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  6. ISBN 9780199829477
    .
  7. ISBN 9781605474540
    .
  8. ^ a b c "Pulmonic Regurgitation Clinical Presentation". Medscale.com. eMedicine. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  9. ^ "pulmonary Valve disease". Patient.info. EMIS Group. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  10. ISBN 978-1-4615-6603-8
    . Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  11. ISBN 978-0-72954-147-3. Retrieved 29 August 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  12. PMID 17569817
    .
  13. ^ "Pulmonic Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations". 2018-06-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ "Heart valve surgery: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-30.

Further reading

External links
Scholia has a topic profile for Pulmonary regurgitation.
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