Puxian Wannu

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Illustration of Puxian Wannu

Púxiān Wànnú (simplified Chinese: 蒲鲜万奴; traditional Chinese: 蒲鮮萬奴; Wade–Giles: P'u-hsien Wan-nu) was a Jurchen warlord who established the short-lived Eastern Xia dynasty in 13th-century China.

Púxiān Wànnú is also mentioned under the name fūjīū tāīīshī (Persian: فوجیو تاییشی) in Persian historical sources such as the Jami' al-tawarikh.

He originally served the waning

Tianwang (天王 lit. Heavenly King) and named his era
Tiantai (天泰).

As a result of an internal strife in the

Liaodong
.

In 1217 he moved from Dongjing to the Tumen River basin possibly to avoid both Mongol and Jin oppressions. He again named his kingdom Eastern Xia or Dongxia (东夏/東夏), established the capital around Yanji and called it Nanjing (南京 literally: "Southern Capital"). His domain extended north to Laoyeling Mountains, south to Hamgyŏngnamdo in modern-day North Korea, east to the Sea of Japan and west to the Zhangguangcailing Mountains, corresponding to the borderlands of modern-day China, Russia and North Korea.

He seems to have submitted to the Mongol Empire again. In 1218 the Mongol and Eastern Xia armies jointly intruded into Goryeo to subdue the Khitan remnants. Goryeo also joined the campaign and the Khitans were exterminated. The Mongol army retreated after establishing a "sibling" relationship with Goryeo. Mongol officers with Eastern Xia delegates came to Goryeo to exact tribute.

In 1222 Puxian Wannu revolted against the Mongol Empire yet again while Genghis Khan made an expedition toward the west. Since Goryeo rejected his demand for the opening of trading posts on the border, he invaded Goryeo many times. In 1233

with a large force and captured Puxian Wannu. Wannu was executed by beheading after his capture, and the Eastern Xia collapsed nearly immediately afterwards. With the demise of Puxian Wannu, Jurchen remnants in Manchuria surrendered resulting in almost two hundred years of Mongol rule in Manchuria thereafter. The Jin dynasty was overthrown in the next year.

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