Pyroligneous acid
Names | |
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Other names
wood vinegar and wood acid
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Identifiers | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.029.495 |
EC Number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
Appearance | Yellow to red liquid |
Odor | acrid smoky |
Density | 1.08 g/mL |
Boiling point | 99 °C (210 °F; 372 K) |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.371-1.378 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Warning | |
H226, H312, H315, H319, H335 | |
Flash point | 44 °C (111 °F; 317 K) |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Liquid smoke |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Pyroligneous acid, also called wood vinegar or wood acid,[3] is a dark liquid produced by the destructive distillation of wood and other plant materials.
Composition
The principal components of pyroligneous acid are 10% acetic acid, acetone and methanol. It was once used as a commercial source for acetic acid.[citation needed]
History
Pyroligneous acid (acetum lignorum) was investigated by German chemist
During the
In the nineteenth century, pyroligneous acid was used to prepare an impure aluminium sulfacetate mordant for use with cotton, but the resulting mixture imparted a burnt odor to the cotton, and Ganswindt recommended its use be abandoned in favour of purer preparations in 1899.[7]
In 1895, pyroligneous acid was first marketed under the brand Wright's Liquid Smoke,[8] a liquid smoke product intended to impart the flavor and some of the preservative effects of wood smoking to meats and vegetables. In the early 21st century, concerns about the carcinogenic effects of components of wood smoke decreased the production of heavily smoked foods in favor of lighter smoking and liquid smoke for foods.[9]
References
- ^ Pyroligneous acid from Sigma-Aldrich
- ISBN 978-1-4200-9077-2
- Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary(1913)
- Fielding H. Garrison (1921), History of Medicine(3rd ed.), W. B. Saunders, p. 286
- Johann Rudolph Glauber (1651), Furni Novi Philosophici, vol. 1, Johann Jansson, pp. 47–49
- ISBN 0-14-200161-9.
- ^ Ganswindt, Albert (1889). Handbuch der Färberei und der damit verwandten vorbereitenden und vollendenden Gewerbe (in German). p. 270.
- ^ Unusual Stories of Unusual Men: Ernest H. Wright - Classification: "Condensed Smoke". The Rotarian. 1923. pp. 209–10, 240.
- ISBN 978-0-19-973496-2.