Quarter-inch cartridge
Quarter inch cartridge tape (abbreviated QIC, commonly pronounced "quick") is a
Features of QIC
The QIC cartridge is distinguished from other types of tape cartridges by containing an endless drive belt which is moved at a uniform speed by a motorised
The tape in a QIC cartridge is not physically attached to the reels and is never completely unwound. This is again different from other cassettes or cartridges, which generally have some form of clip anchoring on at least one end of the tape. To ensure that the tape is never completely unwound, each end has a small beginning or end of tape hole which is detected by an optical sensor, and an "early warning" hole further from each end. If a defective drive—for example with fluff in a sensor—winds the tape past the BOT or EOT marker, the tape will detach from the spool and the cartridge will be unusable unless it is reattached.
The design of the QIC tape cartridge is very robust: the aluminium baseplate is 1⁄10 inch (2.54 mm) thick, and the robust plastic cover can withstand abuse and impacts that would damage other tape formats.
However, because the tape is belt-driven, seeking back and forth can eventually cause the tape to become unevenly tensioned. It is therefore necessary to periodically retension the cartridge. This is accomplished by winding the tape from beginning to end and back in one operation, allowing the belt to equalize itself. For newer QIC drives that use a SCSI interface, there is a SCSI "RETENSION" command to do this.
When the cartridge gets old, the belt may not provide enough friction to turn the takeup spool smoothly. When this happens, the tape will need to be replaced.
In some cases a cartridge must be formatted before use. The capability to do this is in the drive rather than the host computer.
Generations
3M Data Cartridge (DC)
The first QIC tape format was the 5+7⁄8 inches (150 mm) by 3+7⁄8 inches (98 mm) Data Cartridge (DC) format with two internal belt-driven reels and a metal base. The original product, the DC300, has 300 feet of tape and holds 200 kilobytes. Various QIC DC recording formats have appeared over the years,[2] including:
- QIC-11: a four-track format giving 20 MB on a 450 ft DC300XL cartridge[3]
- QIC-24: nine-track, 45 MB or 60 MB on a 450 or 600 ft DC600A cartridge, respectively[4]
- QIC-120: 15-track, 125 MB, DC6150 cartridge[5]
- QIC-150: 18-track, 150 MB, DC6150 cartridge[6]
- QIC-525: 26-track, 525 MB on a 1020 ft DC6525 cartridge[7]
- QIC-1350: 30-track, 1.35 GB on a DC9135 cartridge[8]
Other QIC DC standards include the QIC-02 and QIC-36 drive interface standards. Later QIC DC drives usually use the QIC-104/111 SCSI and QIC-121 SCSI-2 interfaces.[5][9]
Other Data Cartridge (DC) look-alikes:
- 3M DC600HC, a preformatted tape with 16 tracks on 600 foot DC600A and software-based EOT/BOT detection. HP used these in the HP914x type of cartridge drives.
QIC Mini Cartridge (MC)
Later, the smaller Minicartridge (MC) form-factor was introduced. This is 2+3⁄8 inches (60 mm) by 3+1⁄8 inches (79 mm) size and is small enough to fit in a 3+1⁄2-inch (90 mm) drive bay.
- QIC-40
- QIC-80
The QIC-40 and QIC-80 were designed to use the same
Travan (TR)
Travan is an evolution of the QIC Minicartridge format, sold for personal computer use. This version, developed by 3M, uses a longer and wider (8 mm) tape to give higher capacities.[14]
Format | Capacity (MB) | Speed (kB/s) | Tracks |
---|---|---|---|
QIC-80 | 80-500 | 62.5 | 28/36 |
TR-1 | 400 | 62.5 | 36 |
TR-1EX | 500 | 62.5 | 36 |
QIC-3010 | 340 | 62.5 | 40/50 |
TR-2 | 800 | 62.5 | 50 |
QIC-3020 | 670 | 62.5 | 40/50 |
TR-3 | 1,600 | 125 | 50 |
TR-3EX | 2,200 | 125 | 50 |
QIC-3080 | 1,200-1,600 | 125 | 60/72 |
TR-4 | 4,000 | 1024 | 72 |
QIC-3095 | 4,000 | 1024 | 72 |
TR-5 | 10,000 | 1024 | 108 |
SLR
SLR is Tandberg Data's name for its line of high-capacity QIC data cartridge drives. As of 2005, Tandberg was the only manufacturer of SLR/QIC drives in the world. The largest SLR drive can hold 70 GB of data (140 GB compressed).[1]
QIC-Wide
A variant from Sony that uses a wider .315 inch (8 mm) tape and increases the recording density. QIC-Wide drives are backwards compatible with QIC tapes.[15]
QIC-EX
QIC Extra, a modification to support longer tapes and thus more data by the
QIC-157
An interface standard for tape drives using the
See also
- Apple Tape Backup 40SC
- Colorado Memory Systems, a company dedicated to QIC, later acquired by Hewlett-Packard
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0738435558.
- ^ "QIC Standards Cross Reference". www.qic.org.
- PC Magazine. July 1983. p. 560.
- ISBN 978-0131014015.
- ^ a b M. David Stone (October 16, 1990). "Backing Up: Guide to Media Choices". PC Magazine. p. 283.
- ^ M. David Stone (October 16, 1990). "QIC 150 Tape Drives: The Rising Star for Backup". PC Magazine. p. 270.
- ^ J.K. Petersen (2002). The Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 768.
- ^ Oliver Rist (April 14, 1992). "Backup Alternatives: What's Out There". PC Magazine. p. 196.
- ISBN 978-0121028206.
- ^ a b c "Everex Systems Excel 60F". InfoWorld: 58, 62. July 23, 1990.
- ISBN 978-0130927392.
- ^ Catherine D. Miller (August 1989). "Beyond Floppy Disks: A Look at Backup Alternatives". PC Magazine.
- ^ Scott Mueller (2003). Upgrading and Repairing PCs (14th ed.). Que. p. 698.
- ISBN 978-0-13-020601-5.
- ^ M. David Stone (February 7, 1995). "The Bigger Backup". PC Magazine. p. 238.
- ^ "PC Magazine Encyclopedia: Definition of: QIC-EX". PC Magazine. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
- ^ "PC Magazine Encyclopedia: Definition of: QIC-157". PC Magazine.