Rafael Yuste

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Rafael Yuste
MD, PhD
Yuste at his microscope
Born(1963-04-25)April 25, 1963[1]
Madrid[2]
NationalitySpanish-American
CitizenshipSpanish, US
Alma materUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, Rockefeller University
Known forcalcium imaging technique, brain activity map
Scientific career
FieldsNeurobiology
InstitutionsColumbia University
Thesis Optical studies of calcium dynamics in developing neocortical neurons
Doctoral advisorsTorsten Wiesel, Lawrence C. Katz
Notable studentsErik Hoel

Rafael Yuste (born April 25, 1963 in Madrid) is a Spanish–American neurobiologist and one of the initiators of the BRAIN Initiative announced in 2013.[3] He is currently a professor at Columbia University.

Biography

Yuste's interest in neuroscience arose early, inspired by books like

Lawrence C. Katz. There he developed the calcium imaging technique to measure and monitor the activity of neuronal populations.[4] The technique is based on the fact that when an electric signal depolarizes a neuron, its calcium channels are activated, thus allowing Ca2+ ions to enter the cell. If one brings a calcium-sensitive dye into neurons in the brain, one can detect under the microscope when a neuron is active. The technique is detailed in Yuste's doctoral thesis Optical studies of calcium dynamics in developing neocortical neurons (1992), which was directed by Wiesel and Katz. It has since become one of the technical pillars of neurobiology
.

Yuste then moved to

neural networks (rather than just single neurons) for understanding the functioning of the brain (connectionism).[4]

In 1996 Yuste became an assistant professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at

Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University and since 2014 the director of Columbia's Neurotechnology Center.[7] Since 2019 he has been the Director of the NeuroRights Initiative.[8]

In 2013 Yuste received the

NIH Director's Pioneer Award with a grant of US$2.5 million to fund research to test the hypothesis of the cortex as a random circuit using novel two-photon imaging methods in a large-scale study of the mouse cortical microcircuit.[9][10]

As of 2021 Yuste has published more than 260 papers.[11] According to Google Scholar he has been cited more than 38,000 times for an h-index of 105.[12]

In 2019 Yuste was appointed Ikerbasque Research Professor

San Sebastian, Spain. In addition, he has served, or currently serves, on the scientific advisory board of several institutes, foundations, and companies in the US, Spain, and Israel,[14][15] such as the Fundación Gaeda,[16] BIOFISIKA, a joint Biophysics Research Centre of the Spanish National Research Council and the University of the Basque Country, or Harvard's Conte Center (2013-2017).[17]
Yuste has served on the editorial board of numerous professional journals, among them Frontiers in Neural Circuits (chief editor, 2006-2013) and Cerebral Cortex (associate editor since 1998).

Brain Activity Map and BRAIN Initiative

In 2011 at a meeting with funding agencies, Yuste proposed the goal of developing technologies to "record every spike from every neuron" and then co-authored together with

George M. Church, Paul Alivisatos, Ralph Greenspan, and Michael Roukes a white paper to elaborate this idea as a large-scale scientific project (then called the "Brain Activity Map Project") modeled on the Human Genome Project. Two years later then president Barack Obama announced the US BRAIN Initiative that now funds neuroscience research in over 500 laboratories and is slated to last until 2025.[18][19][4] Yuste has warned against spreading the funds of the initiative too thin and argued that a focused effort is required to develop the technologies needed for large-scale, real-time brain imaging with single-neuron resolution that would be made available at observatory-like centers to the scientific community.[20][21] Yuste has also spearheaded the development of ethical guidelines for neurotechnology and AI (ref Goering 2016 and Yuste 2017), proposing  that five new NeuroRights be added to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to protect human mental privacy, identity, agency and equal access to cognitive enhancement and also prevent algorithm biases. In 2018, professor Yuste was awarded the Tällberg/Eliasson Foundation prize due to his commitment to exploring the ethical implications of using emerging AI in the field of neurotechnology.[22] This prize, which is "awarded annually to outstanding leaders who demonstrate the willingness and capacity to address the complexity of 21st-century challenges in innovative, risk-taking, and ethical ways, and whose work is global in aspiration or implication and is rooted in universal values"[23]
is a substantial honor.

Selected honors and awards

Selected publications

Primary research

  • Carrillo-Reid, L., Han, S., Yang, W., Akrouh, A., and Yuste, R. (2019). Controlling visually-guided behavior by holographic activation of cortical ensembles. Cell 178, 447-457..
  • Carrillo-Reid, L., Yang, W., Bando, Y., Peterka, D. and Yuste, R. (2016). Imprinting and recalling cortical ensembles. Science 353: 691-694.
  • Ikegaya, Yuji; Aaron, Gloster; Cossart, Rosa; Aronov, Dmitriy; Lampl, Ilan; Ferster, David; Yuste, Rafael (2004). "Synfire Chains and Cortical Songs: Temporal Modules of Cortical Activity". Science. 304 (5670): 559–564. doi:10.1126/science.1093173.
  • Cossart, R., Aronov, D. and Yuste, R. (2003). Attractor dynamics of network UP states in the neocortex. Nature 423: 283-8
  • Yuste, Rafael; Denk, Winfried (1995). "Dendritic spines as basic functional units of neuronal integration". Nature. 375: 682–684. doi:10.1038/375682a0.
  • Yuste, R., Peinado, A. and Katz, L. C. (1992). Neuronal domains in developing neocortex. Science 257: 665-669

Reviews

  • Yang, Weijian; Yuste, Rafael (2017). "In vivo imaging of neural activity". Nature Methods. 14: 349–359. doi:10.1038/nmeth.4230.
  • Yuste, R. (2015). From the neuron doctrine to neural networks. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16: 487-497
  • Yuste, R. (2010). Dendritic Spines. MIT Press
  • Yuste, Rafael; Bonhoeffer, Tobias (2001). "Morphological changes in dendritic spines associated with long-term synaptic plasticity". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 24: 1071–89. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1071.

Policy and commentary

  • Yuste, Rafael; Goering, Sara; Agüera y Arcas, Blaise; et al. (2017-11-09). "Four ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI". Nature. 551 (7679): 159–163. doi:10.1038/551159a.
  • Yuste, Rafael; Church, George M. (2014). "The new century of the brain" (pdf). Scientific American. 310: 38–45. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0314-38.
  • Alivisatos, A. P.; Chun, M.; Church, G. M.; Greenspan, R. J.; Roukes, M. L.; Yuste, R. (2012). "The Brain Activity Map Project and the Challenge of Functional Connectomics". Neuron. 74: 970–974. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.006.

References

  1. ^ "CV Rafael Yuste" (PDF). Universidad de Cuenca. 2017. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  2. S2CID 206566794
    .
  3. ^ María Ramírez (2013-04-02). "Obama presenta con el español Rafael Yuste su proyecto para estudiar el cerebro". El Mundo.
  4. ^
    S2CID 206566794
    .
  5. ^ "El científico español que convenció a Obama de descifrar el cerebro humano" (in Spanish). BBC. 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  6. ^ "Rafael Yuste: "La misma tecnología que curará la esquizofrenia servirá para manipular la mente" (interview with Yuste)" (in Spanish). La Información. 2013. Archived from the original on 2018-04-28. Retrieved 2018-02-27. A mí en Inglaterra me pillaron los recortes de la Thatcher y terminé en EEUU [...].
  7. ^ "Columbia Establishes NeuroTechnology Center, Latest Step in Commitment to Interdisciplinary Neuroscience". 2014. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  8. ^ "Professor Rafael Yuste | Neurorights Initiative".
  9. ^ "FUNCTIONAL CONNECTOMICS OF THE NEOCORTICAL MICROCIRCUIT". nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-25. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  10. El Mundo
    . 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2013-09-30.
  11. ^ "PubMed search results Yuste R[Author]". nih.gov.
  12. ^ "Rafael Yuste". Google Scholar. 2021-06-05.
  13. ^ "¿Qué tipo de humanidad queremos tras el COVID-19?". ikerbasque.net (in Spanish). 26 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  14. ^ "CV Rafael Yuste" (PDF). Universidad de Cuenca. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-13. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  15. ^ Pere Estupinya (2013-03-11). "El mayor proyecto neurocientífico de la Historia" (in Spanish). El País.
  16. ^ "Scientific Advisory Council" (in Spanish). Fundación GADEA por la Ciencia. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  17. ^ "People: SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD". harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  18. ^ "TED talk about the beginning and importance of the BRAIN initiative". 2013. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  19. ^ "The observer corps". The Economist. 2015-11-14. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  20. PMID 24660326
    .
  21. ^ "Obama decepciona a 'su' neurocientífico español" (in Spanish). El Mundo. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  22. ^ "Rafael yuste - Tällberg / Eliasson Global Leadership Prize". Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  23. ^ "Tallberg/Eliasson Global Leadership Goal".
  24. ^ "Rafael Yuste". Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  25. ^ Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. "XLVII Lección Conmemorativa Jiménez Díaz". YouTube (in Spanish). Retrieved 2015-05-29.
  26. ^ "José Luis Sanz nuevo Académico Numerario" (in Spanish). Real Academia de Ciencias. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  27. ^ "UWIN Visiting Professor wins Eliasson Global Leadership Prize".
  28. ^ "El neurobiólogo Rafael Yuste inaugurará el jueves las celebraciones del Instituto Cajal". www.infosalus.com. Europa Press. 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
  29. ^ "Rafael Yuste awarded DOD's highly-competitive Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship | Columbia University : Biological Sciences". www.biology.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2020-09-08.

External links

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