Random number

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In mathematics and statistics, a random number is either Pseudo-random or a number generated for, or part of, a set exhibiting statistical randomness.

Algorithms and implementations

A 1964-developed algorithm[1] is popularly known as the Knuth shuffle or the Fisher–Yates shuffle (based on work they did in 1938). A real-world use for this is sampling water quality in a reservoir.

In 1999, a new feature was added to the

oscillators combine their outputs and that odd waveform is sampled asynchronously."[4] These numbers, however, were only 32 bit, at a time when export controls were on 56 bits and higher, so they were not state of the art.[5]

Common understanding

In common understanding, "1 2 3 4 5" is not as random as "3 5 2 1 4" and certainly not as random as "47 88 1 32 41" but "we can't say authoritavely that the first sequence is not random ... it could have been generated by chance."[6]

When a police officer claims to have done a "random .. door-to-door" search, there is a certain expectation that members of a jury will have.

example needed
]

Real world consequences

Flaws in randomness have real-world consequences.[9][10]

A 99.8% randomness was shown by researchers to negatively affect an estimated 27,000 customers of a large service[9] and that the problem was not limited to just that situation.[clarification needed]

See also

References

  1. doi:10.1145/364520.364540
    .
  2. ^ Robert Moscowitz (July 12, 1999). "Privacy's Random Nature". Network Computing.
  3. ^ "Hardwiring Security". Wired. January 1999.
  4. ^ Terry Ritter (January 21, 1999). "The Pentium III RNG".
  5. ^ "Unpredictable Randomness Definition". IRISA.
  6. ^ Jonathan Knudson (January 1998). "Javatalk: Horseshoes, hand grenades and random numbers". Sun Server. pp. 16–17.
  7. ^ Tom Hays (April 16, 1995). "NYPD Bad Cop's Illegal Search Mars Career". Los Angeles Times.
  8. ^ A pre-compiled list of apartment numbers would be a violation thereof.
  9. ^
    New York Times
    .
  10. New York Times
    .
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