Resupination
Resupination is derived from the Latin word resupinus, meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back".[1] "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward".[2]
The word "resupinate" is generally only used in a botanical context – in everyday language, "supine" has a similar meaning.[3][4] In botany, resupination refers to the "twisting" of flowers or leaves through about 180° as they open. Resupinate leaves have the petiole or "stalk" twisted - resupinate flowers twist as they open.[5]
Botanical examples
Alstroemeriaceae
Plants in the genus Alstroemeria have more or less resupinate leaves.[6]
Orchidaceae
The flower of a typical plant in the orchid
Although Charles Darwin did not use the term "resupination", he suggested that having the labellum on the lower part of the flower aids pollination by providing a landing place for visiting insects. However, the South American bee Euglossa cordata pollinates both resupinate and non-resupinate orchid flowers. It has also been suggested that resupination exposes the labellum to sunlight, emphasizing patterns and nectar guides and increases the temperature and thus the vaporisation of floral scents.[11]
Three Australian genera with non-resupinate flowers are Prasophyllum, Cryptostylis and Caleana.[9]
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Resupinate flower of Diuris aequalis
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Non-resupinate flowers of Prasophyllum elatum
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Resupinate flowers of Cattleya aclandiae
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Non-resupinate flowers of Calopogon tuberosus
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More or less resupinate leaves of Alstroemeria
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Resupinate flower of Dicliptera cernua; note coralla tube twisted 180 degrees
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Resupinate flower of Hypoestes aristata; note coralla tube twisted 180 degrees
Mycology
In
References
- ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 478.
- ^ Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition 1964, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York
- ^ "supine". Merriam-Webster dictionary. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ISBN 0195507932.
- .
- ^ "Resupination". Sinningia and Friends. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
- JSTOR 41762701.
- ^ St George, Ian. "Resupination". New Zealand Native Orchid Group. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ a b Milligan, Brian. "Resupination". Orchid Societies Council of Victoria Inc. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "Flower resupination". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- .
- ^ "cap". Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Witch's Butter: Tremella mesenterica, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg Archived 21 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine