Richard Armstrong (Hawaii missionary)
Richard Armstrong | |
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Samuel Chapman | |
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Richard Armstrong (April 13, 1805 – September 23, 1860) was a
Background
Richard Armstrong was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania on April 13, 1805, to James Armstrong and his wife, Eleanor Pollock, an American. The elder Armstrong had been born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, and in 1786 emigrated to the United States, where he married Eleanor. The family were Presbyterian. Richard was the youngest child of the union. He was educated at Milton Academy, in Massachusetts, and at Dickinson College, in Pennsylvania, and graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1831.[1]
Nuku Hiva and Hawaii
Princeton president Archibald Alexander provided a letter of recommendation In 1831, when Armstrong made the decision to join the next contingent of missionaries being sent to Hawaii by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He received his ordination on October 27, and Armstrong and his new bride Clarissa Chapman departed with the other missionaries aboard the Averick on November 26. The ship docked in Honolulu on May 17, 1832, with Clarissa seven months pregnant.[2] Daughter and first child Caroline Porter was born in Honolulu on July 17.
The board sent the Armstrongs to minister to cannibalistic tribes on Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands July 2, 1833, through May 12, 1834,[3] serving alongside two missionary couples—the Rev. William Patterson Alexander and his wife, Mary,[4] and the Rev. Benjamin Wyman Parker and his wife, Mary Elizabeth.[5] The first Armstrong son, William Nevins, was born on Nuku Hiva on January 2, 1834. The Nuku Hiva mission field was abandoned as futile.[6]
The Armstrongs were reassigned to the
In 1840, Armstrong was appointed Kahu (shepherd) of
The father of American education in Hawaii
Under
Personal life and death
Richard Armstrong died September 23, 1860, after a riding accident, in which was punctured an artery in his neck. He was buried on the grounds of Kawaiahaʻo Church.[16]
He married Clarissa Chapman of
Notes
- ^ Eng (1999) pp.1,2
- ^ Eng (1999) pp.2,3,4
- ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 35
- ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 34
- ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 47
- ^ Armstrong 1887, p. 14
- ^ Armstrong 1887, p. 17
- ^ Armstrong 1887, pp. 21–22
- ^ Robert M. Kiger (May 27, 1985). "Haiku Mill nomination form". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ MacLennan 2014, p. 69
- ^ Ohles 1978, p. 50
- ^ "Marriage of His Majesty Kamehameha IV". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. July 2, 1856. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
- ^ a b "Richard Armstrong". State archives. State of Hawaii. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
- ^ "William Richards". State Archives. State of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2012..
- ^ Armstrong (September 29, 1860). "Death of Rev. R. Armstrong D. D." Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Polynesian. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
- ^ Armstrong 1887, pp. 101–102
- ^ "General Armstrong's Mother Dead". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. August 31, 1891. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
- ^ a b "Armstrong Family Papers". Williams College. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2012.; Punahou School 1866, p. 5
- ^ "William Nevin Armstrong Papers". Yale University Library. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
- ^ Punahou School 1866, p. 5"Daughter Of Famous Island Family Dead". Honolulu Star-Bulletin at Newspapers.com. No. October 18, 1920. p. 10, col. 4. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ "Died". The Hawaiian Gazette. August 23, 1871. p. Imae 3, col. 4. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ Armstrong (May 30, 1893). "General Armstrong". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.; "Noted Man Dead: General S. C. Armstrong Passes Away at Hampton, VA". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. May 30, 1893. p. 9. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
- ^ "Mrs. Ellen A. Weaver, Resident Here Many Years, Passes Away At 80". Honolulu Star-Bulletin at Newspapers.com. September 30, 1924. p. 1, col. 6. Retrieved March 20, 2018.; "Funeral Services For Mes. Weaver This Afternoon". The Honolulu Advertiser at Newspapers.com. October 19, 1924. p. 17, col. 8. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ "Obituaries: Miss Amelia H. Armstrong". The Honolulu Advertiser at Newspapers.com. August 26, 1923. p. 7, col. 2. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
References
- Armstrong, Mrs. Mary Frances Morgan (1887). Richard Armstrong. Port. Of Richard Armstrong. Normal School Stream Press – via HathiTrust.
- Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1901). American Protestant Missionaries to Hawaii. Hawaiian Mission Children's Society – via HathiTrust.
- MacLennan, Carol A. (2014). Project MUSE, subscription required
- Ohles, John F (1978). Biographical Dictionary of American Educators. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. ISBN 0-8371-9894-1.
- Engs, Robert Francis (1999). "Richard Armstrong and His Hawaiian Mission". ISBN 978-1-57233-051-1.
- Punahou School (1866). Catalogue of the teachers and pupils of Punahou school and Oahu College for twenty-five years, ending 1866, with an account of the quarter century celebration held at Punahou June 15th, 1866. Honolulu, HI: Punahou School – via HathiTrust.