River Afan
River Afan Afon Afan | |
---|---|
Location | |
Country | Wales |
Towns | Blaengwynfi, Cymmer, Cwmafan, Port Talbot, |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | |
• location | Mynydd Llangeinwyr |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• right | Afon Corrwg, Afon Pelenna |
The River Afan (Welsh: Afon Afan) is a river in Wales whose valley formed the territory of the medieval Lords of Afan. The Afan Valley encompasses the upper reaches of the river. The valley is traversed by the A4107 road. Settlements in the area include Cwmafan, Pontrhydyfen and Cymmer. The town of Aberavon, whose name in Welsh Aberafan means 'mouth of the Afan', grew up on the banks of the river and was later subsumed by the town of Port Talbot.
Etymology
Multiple hypotheses exist regarding the origin of the river's name. One suggestion is that it is from "A-Ban" meaning "from the heights" due to its comparatively quick descent from hills to the sea. (Compare to the 'Ban' in "Bannau Brycheiniog", the Brecon Beacons).[1] However, such a name would be very unusual for a river. It is not parallelled elsewhere, and does not fit in with the pattern of Welsh stream and river nomenclature in general. A. D. Mills believes the river derives ultimately from a personal name.[2]
Course
The Afan rises on the northern slopes of Mynydd Llangeinwyr to the east of Blaengwynfi, and flows in a generally south-westerly direction roughly parallel to the River Neath with which it shares its western watershed.
The river passes the Afan Argoed Country Park in its middle reaches. It converges with the river Pelenna at Pontrhydyfen. From here it turns southward towards Port Talbot.
To aid the construction of the docks at Port Talbot, the river was impounded and a diversion channel built that now forms the lower reaches of this river. There are two weirs in this final tidal reach of the Afan; Greenpark Weir at the upstream tidal limit, which has been reconstructed in 2017 and provides headwaters for the dock feeder channel that approximately follows the river's original route, and Newbridge Weir, which is the most downstream weir, presents a barrier to fish passage and is in a poor state of repair.
A
Geography
To the east the Afan borders the River Kenfig and then the River Llynfi, a tributary of the River Ogmore. The Afan shares a watershed with the Rhondda Fawr, a tributary of the River Taff.
Industrial past
For much of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the River Afan was severely polluted by the coal and iron industries. With the decline in the coal mining industry, the quality of the river improved in the 1960s and 1970s so that some salmon and sea trout started to return to the river to spawn. A number of weirs on the river had to be made passable to allow fish to ascend the river. This required the creation of fish passes on some weirs such as on the Dock feeder weir and the demolition of others such as at Corlannau weir.
Tributaries
River Corrwg
The Corrwg is one of the Afan's principal tributaries. Its length is approximately 11 km, and its source lies above the village of
River Pelenna
The Pelenna, a major tributary that meets the Afan at Pontrhydyfen, suffered more severely from pollution than the main river because of the sulphur-rich coal that was produced by the mines in that area. As a result, the abandoned coal mines continued to discharge acid mine drainage rich in iron and highly acidic. This turned much of the river orange down to the confluence of the Pelena with the main river Afan. The orange colour could often be seen as far down stream as Pontrhydyfen. There were a number of collieries contributing to the pollution although the major source was the Whitworth Colliery.[3] At the height of coal extraction in the valley, there were several deep pits and numerous levels. This pollution is now much mitigated[4] following extensive work promoted by the Environment Agency in the creation of engineered reed beds to treat the mine drainage.
Nant Ffrwdwyllt
References
- ^ Place Names of the Afan Valley A.B.Jones 1988
- ISBN 9780198527589.
- ^ "LIST OF MINES in Great Britain and the Isle of Man, 1908". Coal Mining History Resource Centre. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- .
Further reading
- Richards, Beryl (2006). Nantybar : a vanished village in the Afan Valley. Talybont: Y Lolfa. ISBN 9780862438579.
- Republished 2009 by Wuggles Publishing, ISBN 9781904043133
- Republished 2009 by Wuggles Publishing,