Rumsen people
The Rumsen (also known as Rumsien, San Carlos Costanoan, and Carmeleno) are one of eight groups of the
Like other Ohlone, Rumsen no longer have
Territory
The Rumsen historically shared a common language,
The Rumsen tribe held the lower Carmel River Valley and neighboring Monterey Peninsula at the time of Spanish colonization. Their population of approximately 400 to 500 people was distributed among at least five villages within their territory.
History
The Rumsen were the first Costanoan people to be seen and documented by the Spanish explorers of Northern California, as noted by
During the era of Spanish missions in California, the Rumsen people's lives changed when the Spaniards came from the south to build the Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo and the Monterey Presidio in their territory. Many were baptized between 1771 and 1808. Once baptized, the Rumsen people were enslaved and forced to live in the mission village and its surrounding ranches. They were taught as Catholic neophytes, also known as Mission Indians, until the missions were secularized (discontinued) by the Mexican Government in 1834. Some Mission San Carlos Indian people were formally deeded plots upon secularization, only to have those plots stolen during the Rancho Period.[8]
At least since the mission era, the people of the Esselen Nation claim close association with the Rumsen Ohlone, through Mission integration and intermarriage.
In 1925, Alfred Kroeber, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the tribe extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.[2]
Rumsen-speaking tribes and heritage
Dialects of the Rumsen language were spoken by four independent local tribes, including the Rumsen themselves, the Ensen of the Salinas vicinity, the Calendaruc of the central shoreline of Monterey Bay, and the Sargentaruc of the
Linda Yamane is an Ohlone scholar and basket weaver who traces her heritage to the Rumsen Ohlone. She has spent more than 30 years researching and reviving Rumsen language, stories, songs, basketry, and other Ohlone cultural traditions.[9]
See also
Notes
- ^ Levy (1978), p. 485.
- ^ a b Brown, Patricia Leigh (2022-12-11). "Indigenous Founders of a Museum Cafe Put Repatriation on the Menu". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ Breschini, Gary S.; Haversat, Trudy (1994). "Rumsen Seasonality and Population Dynamics". In Lowell J. Bean (ed.). The Ohlone Past and Present. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. pp. 183–197.
- ^ Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. (Map of villages, page 465)
- ^ a b Milliken, Randall (1987). Ethnohistory of the Rumsen. Papers in Northern California Anthropology, No. 2. Salinas, CA: Coyote Press.
- ^ Levy (1978), p. 486.
- ISBN 0-87919-141-4.
- ISBN 0-8078-2988-9.
- ^ Linda Yamane
References
- Hinton, Leanne (2001). "The Ohlone Languages". The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 425–432. ISBN 0-12-349354-4.
- Levy, Richard (1978). Robert F. Heizer, William C. Sturtevant (ed.). Costanoan. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 8 (California). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 485–495. ISBN 0-16-004578-9.
External links
- Costanoan Rumsen Chino Tribe
- Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation tribal website
- "Rumsen / Southern Ohlone sound recordings". Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2012-07-20.