Mutsun language

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Mutsun
San Juan Bautista
Native toUnited States
RegionCalifornia
EthnicityOhlone
Extinct1930, with the death of Ascencion Solórzano de Cervantes[1]
Yok-Utian
  • Southern Ohlone [css])
Glottologmuts1243
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
Area where the Utian languages were spoken

Mutsun (also known as San Juan Bautista Costanoan) is a

Amah Mutsun [Wikidata] band is currently working to restore the use of the language, using a modern alphabet.[2][3][4]

Studies of the language

Maria Ascención Solórsano de Garcia y de Cervantes, the last known fluent speaker of Mutsun, amassed large amounts of language and cultural data specific to the Mutsun.

Costanoan language. Scholars from the U.S., Germany, and the Netherlands have discussed methods that could facilitate the revitalization of Mutsun.[5]

Phonology

Vowel and consonant phonemes are represented here with the descriptions and orthography of the English-Mutsun dictionary,[6] with additions from an earlier paper by Warner, Butler, and Luna-Costillas.[7]

Vowels

Front Back
Close i ⟨i⟩ iː ⟨ii⟩ u ⟨u⟩ uː ⟨uu⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɛː ⟨ee⟩ o ⟨o⟩ oː ⟨oo⟩
Open ɑ ⟨a⟩ ɑː ⟨aa⟩
  • /ɛ/ is open-mid, whereas /o/ is close-mid.[8]
  • Vowels and consonants are doubled to indicate longer pronunciation (ex: IPA for toolos 'knee' is [toːlos])

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
hard soft
Nasal m ⟨m⟩
n
 ⟨n⟩ 		nʲ ⟨N⟩
Stop
 p ⟨p⟩
t
 ⟨t⟩ 		tʲ ⟨tY⟩ ʈ ⟨T⟩ k ⟨k⟩ ʔ ⟨ʼ⟩
Affricate
 ts ⟨ts⟩ tʃ ⟨c⟩
Fricative
 s ⟨s⟩ ʃ ⟨S⟩ h ⟨h⟩
Approximant
 w ⟨w⟩
l
 ⟨l⟩ 		lʲ ⟨L⟩ j ⟨y⟩
Flap
 ɾ ⟨r⟩

Alphabet

Unlike many Latin-script alphabets, Mutsun uses capital letters as separate sounds.[9] The following alphabet is based on the alphabetization of the Mutsun-English dictionary and includes an example word.[10]

Mutsun alphabet
Letter Example word Gloss
a aacic pipe
c caahi barn owl
d diyos God
e eccer iron (n)
h haahe run away (v)
i icci bite (v)
k kaa daughter
l laake rise (v)
L Luohu yearling calf
m maahi close, cover (v)
n naaru turnip
N Notko be short
o oce send
p paaka shell (v)
r raakat name (n)
s saake gather pinenuts
S Saanay near, nearby (adv)
t taacin river rat, kangaroo rat
T Taakampi bring, carry to
ts tsayla lie face up
tY tYottYoni holly berry
u ucirmin small needle
w waaha scratch, sing slowly
y yaase eat
ʼ -ʼa unknown meaning

References

  1. ^ a b Okrand 1977.
  2. ^ Warner 2006.
  3. ^ a b Warner, Luna & Butler 2007.
  4. ^ "Language". Amah Mutsun Tribal Band. Archived from the original on August 11, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  5. ^ Warner et al. 2009.
  6. ^ Warner, Butler & Geary 2016.
  7. ^ Warner, Butler & Luna-Costillas 2006, p. 282.
  8. ^ Okrand 1977, p. 23.
  9. ^ Warner, Butler & Geary 2016, p. i.
  10. ^ Warner, Butler & Geary 2016, contents.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
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