Saad Haddad
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Saad Haddad | |
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![]() Haddad holding a press conference. | |
President of the State of Free Lebanon | |
In office 18 April 1979 – 14 January 1984 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | 1936 Free Lebanon Army |
Battles/wars | Lebanese Civil War |
Saad Haddad (
Early life
Haddad was born to a
Lebanese Civil War
During the 1970s, there was a cyclical pattern of guerrilla attacks carried out by Palestinian militants on
On 18 April 1979, Haddad proclaimed the area controlled by his force
Another consequence of the Israeli invasion was the establishment in southern Lebanon of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, whose mission was to separate the various combatants. Haddad's militia collaborated with Israel and received the bulk of its arms, equipment, supplies and ordnance from Israel. There are eyewitness accounts that support the claim that Saad Haddad's troops were involved in the massacres of Sabra and Shatila in 1982.[6] In the massacre an estimated 763 - 3,500 civilians were killed.[7][8] Though Hadad and his men were exonerated by an Israeli panel, the SLA was still known to engage in ruthless behavior, such as the "brutal conditions" of Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners at the infamous al-Khiam prison.[9] In 1984, Haddad died of cancer. His successor as the head of the SLA was general Antoine Lahad.
During the last few years of his life, Saad Haddad headed the Christian radio station "Voice of Hope",[10] initially set up and funded by George Otis of High Adventure Ministries. The Voice of Hope was set up as a charitable endeavor to help the Christian enclave in Southern Lebanon, but it quickly became politicized when Haddad used it for political diatribes aimed at his many enemies. High Adventure billed it as the only privately owned radio station in the Middle East that was broadcasting the Gospel, but its message was often tainted by the necessary affiliation with Haddad's militia, as its operation depended upon his protection and authority, resulting in a very curious blend of scripture lessons and political commentary which the staff at the station could not control or regulate.[citation needed]
Legacy
A statue of Haddad was erected in his hometown of Marjayoun. The statue was torn down in May 2000 by Hezbollah following Israel's withdrawal from South Lebanon and the collapse of the South Lebanese Army.[11]
Descendants
On 7 June 2012, Lebanese daily newspaper
References
- ^ Walsh, Edward. "Lebanese Militia Leader, Saad Haddad, Dead at 47". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army - Who Was Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army (SLA)". Middleeast.about. 14 January 1984. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ Noam Chomsky, Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians, updated edition (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1999; orig. ed. 1983), 416.
- ^ The War on Lebanon Edited by Nubar Hovesepian 19. Travels in Israel by Gabriel Piterberg p. 267
- ^ feb2b
- ^ Noam Chomsky, Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians, updated edition (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1999; orig. ed. 1983), 373.
- ^ "Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army - Who Was Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army (SLA)". Middleeast.about. 14 January 1984. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ Robert Fisk: Pity the Nation – Lebanon at War (1990) p. 365
- ^ "Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army - Who Was Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army (SLA)". Middleeast.about. 14 January 1984. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics By William A. Rugh p. 197
- ^ BBC News|MIDDLE EAST|Bitter retreat for the SLA
- ^ حلمي موسى. "As-Safir Newspaper - حلمي موسى : صواريخ إسرائيل الموجهة نحو لبنان تحمل بصمات أرزة سعد حداد!". As safir. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ "From Lebanese refugee to Israeli rocket scientist". The Times of Israel. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
External links
- SLA.Miniature Archived 18 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine