Saad Haddad
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2018) |
Saad Haddad | |
---|---|
President of the State of Free Lebanon | |
In office 18 April 1979 – 14 January 1984 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | 1936 Free Lebanon Army |
Battles/wars | Lebanese Civil War |
Saad Haddad (
Early life
Haddad was born to a
Lebanese Civil War
During the 1970s, there was a cyclical pattern of guerrilla attacks carried out by Palestinian militants on
On 18 April 1979, Haddad proclaimed the area controlled by his force
Another consequence of the Israeli invasion was the establishment in southern Lebanon of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, whose mission was to separate the various combatants. Haddad's militia collaborated with Israel and received the bulk of its arms, equipment, supplies and ordnance from Israel. There are eyewitness accounts that support the claim that Saad Haddad's troops were involved in the massacres of Sabra and Shatila in 1982.[6] In the massacre an estimated 763 - 3,500 civilians were killed.[7][8] Though Hadad and his men were exonerated by an Israeli panel, the SLA was still known to engage in ruthless behavior, such as the "brutal conditions" of Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners at the infamous al-Khiam prison.[9] In 1984, Haddad died of cancer. His successor as the head of the SLA was general Antoine Lahad.
With the Israeli retreat the SLA quickly collapsed. On 24 May 2000, the sight of Saad Haddad's statue being dragged through the streets of the Lebanese town of Marjayoun was a sure sign that the South Lebanon Army was gone.[10]
During the
Descendants
On 7 June 2012, Lebanese daily newspaper
References
- ^ Walsh, Edward. "Lebanese Militia Leader, Saad Haddad, Dead at 47". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army - Who Was Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army (SLA)". Middleeast.about. 14 January 1984. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ Noam Chomsky, Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians, updated edition (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1999; orig. ed. 1983), 416.
- ^ The War on Lebanon Edited by Nubar Hovesepian 19. Travels in Israel by Gabriel Piterberg p. 267
- ^ feb2b
- ^ Noam Chomsky, Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians, updated edition (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1999; orig. ed. 1983), 373.
- ^ "Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army - Who Was Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army (SLA)". Middleeast.about. 14 January 1984. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ Robert Fisk: Pity the Nation – Lebanon at War (1990) p. 365
- ^ "Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army - Who Was Saad Haddad and the South Lebanon Army (SLA)". Middleeast.about. 14 January 1984. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ BBC News|MIDDLE EAST|Bitter retreat for the SLA
- ^ Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics By William A. Rugh p. 197
- ^ حلمي موسى. "As-Safir Newspaper - حلمي موسى : صواريخ إسرائيل الموجهة نحو لبنان تحمل بصمات أرزة سعد حداد!". As safir. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ "From Lebanese refugee to Israeli rocket scientist". The Times of Israel. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
External links
- SLA.Miniature Archived 18 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine