Salsabil (fountain)

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A salasabil (currently dry) in the Red Fort in Delhi, India.

A salsabil (or salasabil

evaporative cooling of buildings, cooling and aeration of drinking water, and ornament[3][4] (it has also been used to prevent eavesdropping[5]). The water may flow in a thin sheet or thin streams, often over a wavy surface with many little waterfalls.[4][3] Its use extends from southern Spain through north Africa and the Middle East to northern India.[3]

Etymology and name

The name salsabil likely derives from a Qur'anic reference.[6] The term shadirwan is also used for devices for aerating drinking water.[7][2] However, the term shadirwan or shadirvan has slightly different uses in other cultures, such as designating a central ablutions fountain for a mosque courtyard in Turkish (see shadirvan).[8][9]: 459 

Design and setting

The water flows in a manner designed to maximize the surface area, and thus evaporation. A salsabil may be a near-vertical marble waterfall mounted on a wall,[4] or the sheet of water may flow down a slanted chute.[3]

unsaturated air over the water surface and carry the cooled air to where it is needed in the building. Salasabils are often used with windcatchers.[10]

A salsabil may also be used to

sabil (or sebil).[11]: 63, 262  Salsabils, in the form of inclined marble slabs over which drinking water flowed before being dispensed, were often included inside the sabils of Mamluk architecture.[7][11]
: 63, 262 

Salasabils were used in Mughal architecture from the 1200s to the 1600s. They were also used in recent centuries in Iran.[3] They were sometimes used as decorative features in Ottoman domestic architecture.[12][9]: 441 

  • Near-vertical salasabil in the mostly-1500s Agra Fort (dry)
    Near-vertical salasabil in the mostly-1500s Agra Fort (dry)
  • 1660s Bibi Ka Maqbara, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India (dry)
    1660s Bibi Ka Maqbara, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India (dry)
  • Atrium of the House of the Centenary, Pompeii, mid-2nd century BC (dry)
    Atrium of the House of the Centenary, Pompeii, mid-2nd century BC (dry)
  • Replica of a Roman fountain in the House of the Large Fountain, Pompeii.
    Replica of a Roman fountain in the House of the Large Fountain, Pompeii.
  • A near-horizontal ridged channel in the Room of Justice, 1360s Alcazar of Seville, Spain (wet)
    A near-horizontal ridged channel in the Room of Justice, 1360s
    Alcazar of Seville
    , Spain (wet)
  • Water flows out over the corrugated sides of a fountain, 1360s Patio del Cuarto Dorado, Alhambra, Granada, Spain (wet)
    Water flows out over the corrugated sides of a fountain, 1360s Patio del Cuarto Dorado, Alhambra, Granada, Spain (wet)
  • Privy Chamber of Murat III, late 16th century, Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Turkey (dry)
    Privy Chamber of Murat III, late 16th century, Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Turkey (dry)
  • Marble salsabil in the sebil chamber of the al-Ghuriya Complex, Cairo, Egypt (dry)
    Marble salsabil in the
    al-Ghuriya Complex
    , Cairo, Egypt (dry)

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salsabil.
  1. ISBN 9781861266095
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 9789004161214
    .
  3. ^
    doi:10.1017/S1359135501001312
    .
  4. ^ a b c Amro, Dana K.; Bahauddin, Azizi. Analysis of the architectural elements in traditional courtyard houses in Irbid, Jordan. - Free Online Library.
  5. ^ "Splendors of Topkapi, Palace of the Ottoman Sultans". Smithsonian Magazine. February 2000. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  6. JSTOR 1602278
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 9789774160776
    .
  8. ^ Sumner-Boyd, Hilary; Freely, John (2010). Strolling Through Istanbul: The Classic Guide to the City (Revised ed.). Tauris Parke Paperbacks.
  9. ^
    ISBN 0500274290
    .
  10. ^ Niktash, Amirreza; Huynh, B. Phuoc (July 2–4, 2014). Simulation and Analysis of Ventilation Flow Through a Room Caused by a Two-sided Windcatcher Using a LES Method (PDF). Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering.
  11. ^
    ISBN 9789774162053
    .
  12. ISBN 9781851496044
    .
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