Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling

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Samuel Montagu
Samuel Montagu, by Liborio Prosperi, 1886.

Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling

social services
and advancing Jewish institutions.

Early life

Montagu was born in

bills of exchange.[3]

Jewish causes

Montagu's commitment to

synagogues, and in establishing the Federation of Synagogues in 1887, which was an umbrella body for the small Orthodox congregations in the East End of London.[4] By 1911, the Federation represented 51 London congregations (6,000 male members), which made it the largest synagogal body in UK (larger, by around 1,000 male seat-holders, than the United Synagogue). This rapid growth brought Montagu into conflict with Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, and the United Synagogue.[5] Montagu's funding helped the Federation secure the services of distinguished rabbinical scholars such as Dr Mayer Lerner of Wurzheim in 1890 and the Maggid of Kamenitsk, Chaim Zundel Maccoby.[5]

In 1889 Montagu stated that

"one of the principal objects of the Federation was to endeavour to raise the social condition of the Jews in East London and to prevent anything like anarchy and socialism…The blessings of the Patriarchs that they would increase their cattle and amass wealth, and the prophecy would never cease out of the land, were in themselves evidence that Judaism did not recognise anything like social equality amongst all classes of people."[6]

Historian Geoffrey Alderman has described the Federation as the 'largest single instrument of Anglicization, as well as social control, that Anglo-Jewry possessed.'

Political life

Montagu was elected at the

County of Southampton and of Kensington Palace Gardens in the County of London, on 23 June 1894.[9]

In September 1888, after the murder of

East End population.[10]

In 1893, on behalf of the English "Lovers of Zion", Montagu presented a petition in favour of Jewish colonisation in Palestine to the

Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He asked that the minister forward it to the Turkish Sultan. The petition was evidence that what was to become political Zionism had already taken root in the minds of both Christian researchers of Palestine, and Jewish activists in search for solutions to the so-called "Jewish question".[11]

Montagu presented land he owned in Jeremys Green Lane,

White Hart Lane estate, Tottenham.[13][14]

Montagu was also strong advocate for decimalisation of the pound.

Later years

Towards the end of his life, Montagu lived at South Stoneham House at Swaythling, a suburb of Southampton.[15]

In 1907, Montagu was raised to the peerage as Baron Swaythling, of Swaythling in the County of Southampton.[16]

South Stoneham House.

Montagu died in January 1911, aged 78.

Family

Montagu married Ellen Cohen, daughter of Louis Cohen, in 1862.[17]

His eldest child,

Liberal Judaism.[17]

He was succeeded in the baronetcy and barony by his eldest son, Louis Montagu, co-founder of the anti-Zionist League of British Jews.[citation needed]

His second son,

converted to Judaism
upon her marriage.

Lord Swaythling's nephew was the leading

Mandate Palestine
.

Samuel Montagu was the maternal grandfather of the medical researcher Philip D'Arcy Hart and also of the lawyer Walter D'Arcy Hart.[19]

Montagu is also the great-grandfather of the

2016 Nobel Prize-winning economist Oliver Hart, the chemist Sir Martyn Poliakoff, and director and playwright Stephen Poliakoff.[20]

Legacy

Located in Kidbrooke, South London, the Samuel Montagu Youth Centre provides recreational opportunities for young people.[21] Montagu is remembered in Edmonton at: Montagu Road, Montagu Gardens, Montagu Crescent, Montagu Road School (demolished) and Swaythling Close.

References

  1. ISSN 0962-9696
    .
  2. ^ Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886
  3. ^ Paul H. Emden: "Jews of Britain. A Series of Biographies", Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., London 1944, DNB 1004941854, pp. 230–231
  4. ^ Alderman, Geoffrey. Modern British Jewry. Oxford: Clarendon, 1992, p. 154.
  5. ^ a b Alderman (1992), Modern British Jewry, p. 162.
  6. ^ Alderman (1992), Modern British Jewry, p. 166.
  7. ^
    ISBN 0-900178-27-2
    .
  8. ^ a b Alderman (1992), Modern British Jewry, p. 158.
  9. ^ "No. 26526". The London Gazette. 26 June 1894. p. 1894.
  10. ISBN 978-1-78033-709-8
    .
  11. ^ Nahum Sokolow (1919). History of Zionism: 1600–1918. Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green & Co.; republished by Forgotten Books, London 2013. p. 231. In brief, all these English Christian authorities put forward in the most definite and clearest terms what we know as political Zionism. These testimonies of English authorities concerning Palestine encouraged the "Lovers of Zion" in England to carry on their philanthropic work, and also to take certain political steps. A great and far-reaching step was taken by them in 1893, when a petition to Abdul Hamid, Sultan of Turkey (1876–1909), was presented by Mr. Samuel Montagu, M.P. (afterwards Lord Swaythling) (1832–1911), to the Earl of Rosebery, with a request to transmit it to Constantinople (Appendix Ixxiv). The petition was signed by the officers of the Executive Committee and the secretaries of each Tent of the "Lovers of Zion." It had no effect, because negotiations with the Turkish Government are generally very tardy, and the circumstances of the time were not favourable. There were obstacles, difficulties, uncertain political influences, currents and counter-currents which could not be got rid of immediately. But at any rate the English "Lovers of Zion" endeavoured to do precisely what the Zionists did at a later period.
  12. ^ Federation of Synagogues Retrieved 12 January 2013
  13. ^ History of Tower Gardens Retrieved 12 January 2013
  14. ISBN 0-85054-969-8
  15. ^ William Page (ed.). "Parishes: South Stoneham". A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 3. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
  16. ^ "No. 28043". The London Gazette. 23 July 1907. p. 5029.
  17. ^ a b The Times, "Hon. Lilian Montagu Social Improvement And Religion," 24 January 1963; pg 15 col B
  18. ^ Sybil Oldfield, 'Franklin , Henrietta [Netta] (1866–1964)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2015 accessed 22 Nov 2017
  19. ^ "OBITUARIES:Walter D'Arcy Hart". The Independent. 30 January 1995. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  20. ^ "Stephen Poliakoff's new BBC drama - The Jewish Chronicle".
  21. ^ Samuel Montagu Youth Centre Retrieved 12 January 2013

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency
 Member of Parliament for Whitechapel
1885–1900 		Succeeded by
Sir Stuart Samuel
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Swaythling
1907–1911 		Succeeded by
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baronet
(of South Stoneham House and of Kensington)
1894–1911 		Succeeded by
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