Saproamanita

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Saproamanita
Saproamanita vittadinii in grass in Italy
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Amanitaceae
Genus:
Saproamanita

Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel & Contu (2016)
Type species
Saproamanita vittadinii [1]
(Moretti) Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel & Contu (2016)
Diversity
c. 23 species
Synonyms

Lepidella E.-J. Gilbert (1925)
Amanita subgen. Lepidella Beauseigneur (1925)
Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert (1940)
Amanita subgen. Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert (1941)
Amanita sect. Lepidella Corner & Bas (1962)
Amanita sect. Aspidella Pomerleau (1966)
Amanita subsect. Vittadinae Bas (1969)
Amanita ser. Vittadinae (Bas) Neville & Poumarat (2004)

The

agarics and is one of six genera in the family Amanitaceae, of which the similar Amanita is also a member. Saproamanita differs from Amanita in that its species are saprophytic, and not ectomycorrhizal
.

Description

Saproamanita resemble Amanita. They have a pileus, free lamellae, a central stipe, and an annulus. Below the annulus are scales and rings, remnants of the universal veil composed largely of cylindrical to slender, clavate, inflated hyphal cells mostly scattered in the central stipe region (rather than the base).[2] The spores are white and amyloid.

Taxonomy

The name refers to the saprotrophic life style and the generic relationship to its sister genus, Amanita. In earlier studies the genus was ill-defined and named Lepidella and later Aspidella. Both of these names are unusable because of earlier usage by biologists for other organisms, e.g. Aspidella E. Billings. The most recent adoption of the name Aspidella[3] was based on a molecularly and ecologically defined genus similar to the current circumscription.[4]

DNA molecular evidence for the separation of the genus from Amanita was first detected in a 2002 study of mushrooms and their, with

mycorrhizal species[7] is more correctly named Amanita subgen. Amanitina.[4][9]

Currently there are two competing contemporary classifications, one that recognizes the two genera, Amanita and Saproamanita,[4][10][11][12] and the other that maintains both genera under the older name Amanita.[13]

A recent phylogenetic tree for the genus included information from Thailand by Nakarin Suwannarach and Surapong Khuna.[14]

Distribution and habitat

Saproamanita are known to inhabit grasslands, lawns, pastures, fens, and fields in

fairy rings. At least three of the species are invasive species expanding their ranges, S. inopinata in Europe, S. thiersii in North America, and S. manicata in Hawaii.[2][22][23][12]

Genome sequencing

The genome of S. thiersii (as Amanita thiersii) and its cellulose degrading capability are the subject of a

US Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute project.[24]

Species

References

  1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.326.3.8
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 9780691180373
    .
  3. ^ a b Vizzini A, Contu M, Ercole E, Voyron S (2012). "Rivalutazione e delimitazione del genere Aspidella (Agaricales, Amanitaceae), nuovamente separato da Amanita". Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea. 27 (2): 75–90.
  4. ^
    PMID 27433443.[1] Archived 2016-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
  5. PMID 12099793
    .
  6. S2CID 9995551
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 22815710
    .
  8. ISBN 9780123979407
    .
  9. S2CID 52048762
    .
  10. ^ a b Vizzini A, Angelini A, Bizzi A (2016). "Saproamanita manicata in Repubblica Dominicana". RMR, Boll. Amer. 2016 (2): 33–44.
  11. doi:10.1007/BF03449407. [2]
  12. ^ a b Hemmes DE, Desjardin DE, Perry BA (2019). "Recent Introductions and Movements of Fleshy Fungi in the Hawaiian Islands". Fungi. 11 (4): 20–24.
  13. ^ "home - Amanitaceae.org - Taxonomy and Morphology of Amanita and Limacella". www.amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  14. ^
    PMID 34899100
    .
  15. ^ Verma RK, Pandro V (2018). "Diversity and distribution of Amanitaceous mushrooms in India, two new reports from Sal Forest of Central India". Indian Journal of Tropical Biodiversity. 26 (1): 42–54.
  16. doi:10.11609/jott.7801.14.4.20890-20902
    .
  17. S2CID 248686065
    .
  18. ^ Loizides M, Bellanger JM, Yiangou Y, Moreau PA (2018). "Preliminary phylogenetic investigations into the genus Amanita (Agaricales) in Cyprus, with a review of previous records and poisoning incidents". Documents Mycologiques. 37: 201–218.
  19. ^ Rodríguez Hernández, Alicia (2018). Aspectos bioculturales de Saproamanita thiersii (Fungi: Agaricales) en el municipio de Apaxco de Ocampo, Estado de México (PDF) (Thesis). Univeridad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
  20. PMID 30505003
    .
  21. S2CID 249689952
    .
  22. doi:10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60294-0
    .
  23. S2CID 207661066
    .
  24. ^ "Why sequence cellulose degrading fungus Amanita thiersii?". DOE Joint Genome Institute. 2013-11-07. Retrieved 2022-12-17.

External links

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