Sarah Rector
Sarah Rector | |
---|---|
Born | Indian Territory (now Taft, Oklahoma, U.S.) | March 3, 1902
Died | July 22, 1967 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. | (aged 65)
Resting place | Blackjack Cemetery, Taft, Oklahoma, U.S. |
Education | Tuskegee University |
Spouses |
|
Children | 3 |
Sarah Rector, also known as Sarah Rector Campbell and Sarah Campbell Crawford, (March 3, 1902 – July 22, 1967) was an American oil magnate who was known as the "Richest Colored Girl in the World".[1][2][3][4]
Early life and family
Sarah Rector was born in 1902 near the all-black town of
Sarah's father Joseph was the son of John Rector, a Creek Freedman.[8] John Rector's father, Benjamin McQueen, was enslaved by Reilly Grayson, who was a Creek Indian. John Rector's mother Mollie McQueen was the Muscogee Opothleyahola, who fought in the Seminole Wars and split with the tribe, moving his followers to Kansas. Sarah Rector was allotted 159.14 acres (64 hectares).[9] This was a mandatory step in the process of integration of the Indian Territory with Oklahoma Territory to form what is now the State of Oklahoma.[10][11]
Oil strike and wealth
The parcel allotted to Sarah Rector was located in
To help cover this expense, in February 1911, Joseph Rector leased Sarah's parcel to the
As news of Rector's wealth spread worldwide, she began to receive requests for loans, money gifts, and marriage proposals, despite the fact that she was only 11 years old.[12] Given her wealth, in 1913, the Oklahoma Legislature made an effort to have her declared white, allowing Rector to reap the benefits of her elevated social standing, such as riding in a first-class car on the trains.[5]
In 1914, an African American journal, The Chicago Defender, began to take an interest in Rector, just as rumors began to fly that she was a white immigrant who was being kept in poverty. The newspaper published an article claiming that her estate was being mismanaged by the white guardians of the estate.[14] This caused National African American leaders Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois to become concerned about her welfare.[5] In June of that year, a special agent for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), James C. Waters Jr., sent a memo to Du Bois regarding her situation. Waters had been corresponding with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the United States Children's Bureau over concerns regarding the mismanagement of Rector's estate. He wrote of her white financial guardian:
Is it not possible to have her cared for in a decent manner and by people of her own race, instead of by a member of a race which would deny her and her kind the treatment accorded a good yard dog?
This prompted Du Bois to establish the Children's Department of the NAACP, which would investigate claims of white guardians who were suspected of depriving black children of their land and wealth. Washington also intervened to help the Rector family.
Rector was already a millionaire by the time she had turned 18 in 1920. She owned stocks, bonds, a boarding house, businesses, and a 2,000-acre (810 ha) piece of prime river bottomland. At that point, she left Tuskegee and, with her entire family, moved to Kansas City, Missouri. She purchased a house on 12th Street, known as the Rector House, which is currently owned by a local nonprofit, with the intention of restoration and historical and cultural preservation.[16]
Personal life
Soon after moving to Kansas City, when she was 17 or 18, she married local businessman Kenneth Campbell in 1920.[4] The wedding was a very private affair with only her mother and Campbell's paternal grandmother present. The couple had three sons, Kenneth (b. 1925), Leonard (b. 1926) and Clarence (b. 1929), before divorcing in 1930.[5] In 1934, she married restaurant owner William Crawford.[4][17]
She lost most of her wealth during the Great Depression and had to sell her mansion in Kansas City, Missouri.[18]
Later life
Rector lived a comfortable life and, with a taste for fine clothing and cars, enjoyed her wealth. She threw lavish parties and entertained celebrities such as Count Basie and Duke Ellington.[19]
Rector died on July 22, 1967, at the age of 65. She is interred in Blackjack Cemetery in her childhood hometown of Taft.[20]
See also
References
- ^ Chicago Defender November 4, 1922 page 1
- ^ a b Patton, Stacey (Spring 2010). The Crisis magazine-The Richest Colored Girl in the World. pp. 31–34. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- ^ a b c Dennis, Megan (July 31, 2018). "Sarah Rector". The Kansas City Public Library. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "Remembering Sarah Rector, Creek Freedwoman". The African-Native American Genealogy Blog. April 24, 2010.
- ^ Henley, Lauren N. (February 16, 2021). "The Richest Black Girl in America". Truly*Adventurous. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
- ^ "Rector, Sarah". BlackPast.org. March 31, 2014.
- ^ Bolden 2014, p. 9.
- ^ Bolden 2014, p. 18.
- ^ Walton-Raji, Angela Y. (April 24, 2010). "The African-Native American Genealogy Blog".
- ^ Bolden 2014, p. 51.
- ^ a b c "Sarah Rector The Richest Black Girl In The World". Afrocentric Culture by Design. May 19, 2010. Archived from the original on February 14, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ^ Gerkin, Steve (March 24, 2015). "The Unlikely Baroness | This Land Press - Made by You and Me". This Land Press. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ^ "Money over Race: The Story of Sarah Rector, the Black Girl So Wealthy She Was Considered to be White".
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(help) - ^ Patton, Stacey (October 20, 2011). "The Richest Colored girl in the world". Crisis. 117 (2). Archived from the original on February 14, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ^ "United Inner City Services Hope Murals Bring Attention to the Rector House". May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ "EOC Black History Facts: Sarah Rector". Economic Opportunity Commission of Nassau County, Inc. February 10, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
- ^ RECTOR MANSION 2000 East 12th Street
- ^ "Black History Month – From the Archives – Sarah Rector: The Richest Colored Girl in the World". February 16, 2010. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ Jones, Carmen (February 15, 1991). "Sarah Rector: Kansas City's First Black Millionairess". The Kansas City Call.
Bibliography
- Bolden, Tonya (2014). Searching Sarah Rector: The Richest Black Girl in America. New York: Abrams. ISBN 978-1-4197-0846-6.
Further reading
- Henley, Lauren N. (February 16, 2021). "The Richest Black Girl in America". Medium.