Semashko model
The Semashko model is a
national budget. The model is named after Nikolai Semashko, a Soviet People's Commissar for Healthcare.[1] The model is largely continued in Russia and most other post-Soviet states[2] (except for Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and the Baltic states) and is regarded as one of the most influential ones.[3]
Features
In the Semashko model, medical services are provided by a hierarchy of state institutions under the supervision of Ministry of Healthcare and are financed from the national budget.
A special feature of the Semashko model is the "method of dynamic dispensary surveillance", which holds that every detected case of a serious disease should be subjected to a certain set of guidelines, including planning curative activities, documenting them, ensuring the required number of contacts with specialists, a monitoring process and outcome indicators.[2] Such guidelines were developed at a later stage, in the late 1960s.[2]
History
The Semashko model originated in the aftermath of the 1917
non-communicable diseases and as such failed to advance the population health further.[3] In the 1970s, with the availability of new medical technologies and popular demand for better care, the Soviet Union put greater emphasis on specialization
in outpatient care, moving away from the Semashko model. With that, the significance of the district physician has considerably reduced.
References
- ^ a b c d e f Georgy Manaev (15 April 2021). "What did the USSR actually get right?". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
- ^ PMID 30464661.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-030-86644-0.
- PMID 1748393.
- ^ OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Russian Federation 2012, page 38