Sheikh Mansur
Sheikh Mansur (Ushurma) | |
---|---|
Born | c. 1760 Aldi, Chechnya |
Died | 13 April 1794 Shlisselburg, Russian Empire | (aged 33)
Allegiance | Chechen Confederatión Circassia |
Battles/wars | Sheikh Mansur Movement |
Sheikh Mansur ("The-Victorious"; born Mansur Ushurma, Mansur Ucherman; c. 1760 – 13 April 1794) was a Chechen military commander and Islamic leader who led an anti-Russian North Caucasian resistance, known as the Sheikh Mansur Movement. He was influential in the resistance against Catherine the Great's imperialist expansion into the Caucasus during the late 18th century. Sheikh Mansur is considered the first leader of the resistance in the North Caucasus against Russian imperialism. He remains a hero of the Chechen and North Caucasian peoples in general, and their struggle for independence.[1]
Biography
Mansur Ushurma was born in the
In 1784, Sheikh Mansur, now a respected
As Mansur's message became popular with the Chechen people, the
The core of the Mansur's troops consisted of the
In June 1791, Sheikh Mansur was captured at the Ottoman fortress of Anapa on the Black Sea when it came under siege. He was brought to Saint Petersburg and imprisoned for life. In April 1794, he died at the Shlisselburg Fortress.
Appearance
Description by Russian historian Prozitelev:[6]
Tall, handsome, slender brunette with a pale face and passionate speech. Fanatic. His name became a threat to the Russians. The young missionary's powerful speech and ardent to self-forgetfulness, with his handsome, outstanding appearance, quickly gave him admirers of both sexes.
— Grigory Prozritelev, Шейх Мансур
Description by the 3rd Imam of the Caucasian Imamate Imam Shamil:[6]
Sheikh Mansur had a courageous, fascinating appearance and, despite the fact that he did not know literacy, possessed an extraordinary gift of speech. He was so tall that in a crowd of people he seemed to be sitting astride a horse.
— Imam Shamil, Шейх Мансур, From veterans of the Caucasian wars that met or fought alongside Mansur
Legacy
- The Chechens and Circassians still honor him as a national leader.
- Sheikh Mansur was the subject of two Romantic novels in the mid-19th century, one in Russian by V. I. Savinov and one in English by E. Spencer.[7]: 314
- Akhmat Kadyrov Square was formerly named after Sheikh Mansur until 1996.
- Many songs have been dedicated to Sheikh Mansur, e.g. by artists such as Timur Mutsurayev, Turpal Djabrailov, Hasmagomed Hadjimuradov and Rizavdi Ismailov.
- Streets have been named after Sheikh Mansur, inter alia, in the Dagestani city, Khasavyurt.
- Sheikh Mansur belonged to the Elistanzkhoy L-M20.[9]
- The Sheikh Mansur Battalion, fighting on the Ukrainian side in the Russian armed aggression against Ukraine.
See also
References
- ^ Askerov, Ali (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Chechen Conflict. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 3.
- ^ a b Robert W. Schaefer (2010). The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad. ABC-CLIO.
- ^ Baddeley, John Frederick (1999). The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus. Curzon Press. p. 49.
- ^ Дубровин Н. Ф. История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе. Годы изданий 1871–1888, TOM II.
- ^ Кизлярский комендантский архив. Св.284, зак.28; ↑ (ЦГВИА. ф.52. Оп.1/194. Д.350.
- ^ a b "Шейх Мансур (fb2) | Флибуста".
- ^ Gammer, Moshe (2013). Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan. Routledge.
- ^ Akhmadov, Sh. B. (2002). Beningsen A. Sheikh Mansur's "Holy War" in the Caucasus in 1785-1791. Little-known period and rivalry in Russian-Turkish relations. Manuscript collection of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Dagestan Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, file 1, item 469-a. : Sh. B. Akhmadov Chechnya and Ingushetia in the 18th — early 19th century. Grozny, 2002. Grozny. p. 386.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Элистанжой - J1 - Гаплогруппа - Тайпнаш - Орамаш".