Sher Ali Khan
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| Sher Ali Khan شیر علی خان | |
|---|---|
Emir of Afghanistan | |
| Reign | 9 June 1863 – May 1866 (First reign)
22 August 1868 – 21 February 1879 (Second reign) |
| Predecessor | Dost Mohammad Khan |
| Successor | Mohammad Afzal Khan Dost Mohammed Khan |
| Mother | Bibi Khadija Begum[1] |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sher Ali Khan (
Life
Sher Ali Khan was born into a
Reforms
Sher Ali Khan's reign as Amir is often remembered for his attempts at reforming Barakzai rule in Afghanistan. Changes brought during the period of Sher Ali Khan's rule include the creation of government posts, military reform, the introduction of the first postal service in Afghanistan and the first attempts of an Afghan leader at promoting the Pashto language.
Sher Ali Khan tried to limit the power of the Barakzai sardars.[3] He didn't allow his sons to administer provinces and instead appointed governors loyal to him.[4] He also had a council of 12 members to advise him on matters of state. He created various ministerial offices like Prime Minister (Sadr-i Azam/صدر اعظم), minister of finance, minister of the interior, minister of war, minister of foreign affairs, and minister of the treasury.[4]
Under Sher Ali Khan's reign, Afghanistan was divided into 5 provinces: Kabul, Herat, Afghan Turkestan, Kandahar, and Farah.[5] Formerly Farah had been subject to Herat, but instead he made it a separate province and gave it to his cousin, Sardar Mohammad Afzal (not to be confused with Mohammad Afzal Khan).
During his reign, Sher Ali Khan embarked on a project to modernise his armed forces, standardising uniforms and equipment. After being gifted a battery of mountain guns and several howitzers by the British in 1868, Sher Ali realised the potential of breech-loading artillery and was determined to modernise Afghanistan's arsenal. Whilst his early attempts failed, Sher Ali's craftsmen had soon established new workshops at the Bala Hissar Arsenal and began to produce four to five modern breechloaders each month. Despite his successes in producing relatively modern weapons and equipment, a lack of competent officers and poor discipline meant the new cannons were quickly captured by the British during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. British forces captured more than 250 guns from the Afghans during their campaign.[6]
Sher Ali Khan's rule was hindered by pressure from both the
See also
References
- ISBN 978-1-4051-8243-0.
- ISBN 978-0-19-577634-8.
- ^ "Afghanistan, A Study in Internal Political Developments, 1880-1896 – Kakar History Foundation". Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-351-69265-6.
- ^ "Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Abd Al-Rahman Khan – Kakar History Foundation". Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ Jenzen-Jones, N.R.; Shanley, Jack (2021). "Hubris or haplessness? The modernisation and loss of Afghanistan's artillery, 1869–79". Journal of the Ordnance Society. 28: 90–96.
External links
