Shilluk people
Cøllø | |
---|---|
Luo peoples, other Nilotic peoples |
The Shilluk (
The Shilluk are the third-largest ethnic group of southern Sudan, after the Dinka and Nuer.
Their language is called Dhøg Cøllø, dhøg being the Shilluk word for language and mouth. It belongs to the Luo branch of the Western Nilotic subfamily of the Nilotic languages.
History and culture
The Shilluk people formed today's Shilluk Kingdom in southern Sudan in 1454. Historically, it was a patriarchal monarchy led by a reth from the divine lineage of the culture hero Nyikang, who is believed to affect the nation's health. Their society was once somewhat hierarchical, with castes of royals, nobles, commoners, and enslaved people.[1] Today, the Shilluk government is a democracy, with an elected headman voted in by a council of hamlet heads.[1]
The Shilluk are closely related to the Anuak people and Luo Nilotic members. The Shilluk language shares many words with the Anuak language (the dha anywaa).
Most Shilluk are sedentary agriculturists.[1] Like most Nilotic groups, cattle-raising is a large part of their economy; however, agriculture and fishing are more significant activities than usual. Both sexes engage in agricultural work.[1]
Physique
The Shilluk, along with the
However, in 1995, male Shilluk refugees in southwestern Ethiopia were, on average, 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall. The study suggests that Nilotic people "may attain greater height if privileged with favorable environmental conditions during early childhood and adolescence, allowing full expression of the genetic material."[4] These refugees were displaced due to civil wars in their country from 1955 to the present.
Religion
Most Shilluk have converted to
Colonial policies and missionary movements have divided Shilluk into
Violence
During the summer of 2010, the
The violence started again in April 2011 with an SPLA crackdown on rebel-controlled regions. Shilluk and Nuba were the alleged victims.[6]
Violence broke out again in Tonga in late 2022.[7]
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d "Shilluk | people | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- PMID 14159970.
- ^ Stock, Jay (Summer 2006). "Skeleton key". Planet Earth: 26.
- PMID8674486.
- ^ a b "Sudan: Transcending tribe". Aljazeera.net/english, LLC. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ "Southern Sudan: Abuses on Both Sides in Upper Nile Clashes". Juba: Worldnews.com. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
- ^ South Sudan: ‘Raw violence’ displaces thousands during ‘ruthless conflict’, UNHCR says, UN News, United Nations, December 7, 2022
References
- Corbett, Greville G. (2000). Numbers. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 156–158. ISBN 0-521-64970-6. This section discusses number systems in Dhok-Chollo.