Shumen Plateau Nature Park
| Shumen Plateau Nature Park | |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian: Природен парк Шуменско плато | |
 Shumen Plateau forest near Shumen | |
  | |
| Location | Shumen Heights, Shumen Province, Bulgaria |
| Nearest city | Shumen |
| Coordinates | 43°15′59″N 26°52′41″E / 43.26639°N 26.87806°E |
| Area | 3,929.9 hectares (9,711 acres) |
| Established | 1980 as national park, and as nature park in 2003 |
The Shumen Plateau Nature Park (
Geography
Located in Northeast Bulgaria, the park is part of the Shumen Plateau, which in turn is integral to the "Shumen Heights" to its east. The plateau is one of three zones of the Shumen Heights, the other two being the Balkan area in its central part and the Fiseka on its west. Together, the three zones are in the shape of an irregular rectangle oriented in northwest–southeast direction. The river valleys in this area form the shape of segmented bays.[1]
The entire plateau is delimited on the northern border by the Pakosha, Strazhka, and Chairdere river valleys; by Pakosha and Vranato valleys on its west; by the Vrana, Ticha, and Kamchiya river valleys on the south; and the lowlands of the Shumen-Smyadovo border on the east, while the Fiseka mountain rises to a height of 500.5 metres (1,642 ft) in a north-west direction. The plateau is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) long from west to east; and 7–8 kilometres (4.3–5.0 mi) wide south to north, 7–8 kilometres (4.3–5.0 mi) wide in the far south; 9–10 kilometres (5.6–6.2 mi) wide in the central part; 11–12 kilometres (6.8–7.5 mi) wide towards the north and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide in the northern extremity. Width wise, the plateau is oriented in north–south direction and extends 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and 17 kilometres (11 mi) respectively. The plateau covers a total area of 73.13 square kilometres (28.24 sq mi).[citation needed]
The Shumen Plateau Nature Park encloses the Bukaka Reserve Forest, which covers a total forest area of 63.04 hectares (155.8 acres). This forest is protected on account of its indigenous Fagus sylvatica (common beech) moesiaca (the Balkan beech) forest" that is several hundred years old. The only human activity allowed within this reserve is use of trails which pass through it.[1] The Shumen Plateau occupies the highest plateau in the Danubian Plain, with an elevation of 502 metres (1,647 ft), and features "bizarre and fantastic rock phenomena and underground Karst forms".[2][3]
History
The Shumen Plateau is part of the Natura 2000 network and was designated per the Council Directive 92/43/EEC for the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.[1] Within this plateau, the park is demarcated over an area of 3,929.9 hectares (9,711 acres). It lies in the eastern part of the Danubian Plain, near the town of Shumen,[3] and was declared a National Park in 1980 and a Nature Park in 2003. The responsibility of park's management is with the government of Bulgaria and is dictated under the Management Plan for Nature Parks and the Protected Areas Act (1998).[1]
Biology
The park and the plateau have distinctive topographic features and plateau's water resources, climate and soil conditions dictate the biodiversity of its plant species.[1]
Flora
The park has a dense forest area, with about 90% area covered by forests mostly of the
Fauna
The faunal species reported consist of 350
Cultural heritage
There are many cultural landmarks in the park. These are:
The
The Founders of the Bulgarian State Monument or Creators of the Bulgarian State monument, is another notable monument within the park, built to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of the establishment of Bulgaria, starting from the First Bulgarian Empire (7th century – 11th century).[3] This monument, which is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) distance from the entrance of the Shumen fortress, was built in 1981 during the communist regime. An information center is situated 300 metres (980 ft) away from this monument and a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) track from here leads to the Shumen fortress. [9][10]
There are cave monasteries which functioned during the Second Bulgarian Empire as religious and cultural centres. They are located in karstic rock formations in the plateau and are difficult to access. Some of the notable caves are the Biserna Cave (Pearl Cave) and the Taynite Ponori Cave (the Secret Ponors Cave).[3]
Karstic limestone formations, which comprise the main geological formations of the park and the plateau, are found in the park in the form of
Trails
The park has the first thematic educational trail in the Karst Nature Park, constructed as part of a project titled "Natural Park of Shumen Plateau" with funds provided by the EU Cohesion Fund and the
References
- ^ a b c d e f "An investigation into the flora of the Shumen Heights" (PDF). Phytologia Balcanica Homepage. 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ "Shumen Plateau Nature Park". Different Cultures on European Stage. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Shumen Plateau Nature Park". Official Portal of Bulgarian Tourism. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ a b "Restoring Shumen Fortress – EEA Grants". EEA Grants – Norway Grants, Financial Mechanism Office. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ Kassabova 2008, p. 91.
- ^ Cheynet & Sode 2006, p. 94.
- ^ Kassabova 2008, p. 89.
- ^ Cheynet & Sode 2006, p. 95.
- ^ Baker & Deliso 2013, p. 773.
- ^ Watkins & Deliso 2008, p. 165.
- ^ "International Competition Karst Under Protection – Gift For The Future Generations". prokarstterra.bas.bg. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
Bibliography
- Baker, Mark; Deliso, Chris (2013). Lonely Planet Romania & Bulgaria. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74321-637-8.
- Cheynet, Jean-Claude; Sode, Claudia (2006). Studies in Byzantine Sigillography. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-093821-0.
- Kassabova, Kapka (2008). Bulgaria. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84537-564-5.
- Watkins, Richard; Deliso, Christopher (2008). Bulgaria. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74104-474-4.